Infant Mortality in Moscow: the Perils of Progress in Russia’s World City

Grafova, Irina B.; Gusmano, Michael K.; Martirosyan, Karen S.; Weisz, Daniel; Rodwin, Victor G.

doi:10.1007/s11524-019-00375-z

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For the construction of the ICS, Pearson's correlation of 64 social indicators related to demography (13), education (10), sanitation (9), health (12), work (8), and vulnerability (12) with the preventable fetal mortality rate (Supplementary Material Chart 1). Indicators with p <0.05 remained in the process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on social deprivation and fetal mortality can use spatial analysis techniques for visualization, exploratory analysis, and modeling of georeferenced data [9][10][11][12] . Such analysis makes it possible to identify the factors in the territory that hinder access to basic goods and services and favor the occurrence of preventable deaths 8,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial patterns of avoidable fetal mortality and social deprivation

Canuto

Macêdo

Frias

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Objective: To develop a social need index for stratification of municipalities and identification of priority areas for reducing fetal mortality. Methods: ecological study, carried out in the state of Pernambuco, between 2010 and 2017. The technique of factor analysis by main components was used for the elaboration of the social need index. In the spatial analysis, the local empirical Bayesian estimator was applied and Moran's spatial autocorrelation was verified. Results: The social deprivation index selected two factors that, together, explained 77.63% of the total variance. The preventable fetal mortality rate increased among strata of social need, with rates of 8.0 per thousand births (low deprivation), 8.1 per thousand (medium deprivation), 8.8 per thousand (high deprivation), and 10.7 per thousand (very high social deprivation). Some municipalities in the São Francisco and Sertão Mesoregions had both high fetal and preventable fetal mortality, in addition to a very high social deprivation rate. Conclusion: The spatial analysis identified areas with the highest risk for fetal mortality. The social deprivation index listed some determinants of fetal deaths in areas with worse living conditions. Priority areas for intervention in public policies to reduce fetal mortality and its determinants were detected.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of avoidable fetal mortality and social deprivation

Canuto

Macêdo

Frias

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Amenable Mortality and Neighborhood Inequality: An Ecological Study of São Paulo

Grafova¹,

Weisz

Ayoub³

et al. 2020

World Med & Health Policy

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This article uses an ecological study design to explore intraurban health inequality in São Paulo by examining neighborhood‐level changes in mortality amenable to medical care. We use 2003–2013 data for 95 city districts of São Paulo and apply a random coefficient growth curve modeling approach. We find that improved access to health‐care services is associated with reduced amenable mortality. Despite these overall improvements, the magnitude of population health disparities, as measured by amenable mortality, did not diminish. The effects of social, economic, and health system factors on amenable mortality depend on the income level of the district. Persistent disparities in amenable mortality within São Paulo suggests that neighborhood‐level differences in social determinants of health and access to health services require further investment from the Brazilian government.

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Neighborhood inequalities and the decline of infant mortality in São Paulo

Gusmano

Grafova

Ayoub

et al. 2022

HEPL

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This paper documents changes in infant mortality (IM) rates in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2003 and 2013 and examines the association among neighborhood characteristics and IM. We investigate the extent to which increased use of health care services and improvements in economic and social conditions are associated with reductions in IM. Using data from the Brazilian Census and the São Paulo Secretaria Municipal da Saúde/SMS, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of panel data in all 96 districts of São Paulo for every year between 2003 and 2013. Our regression model includes district level measures that reflect economic, health care and social determinants of IM. We find that investments in health care have contributed to lower IM rates in the city, but the direct effect of increased spending is most evident for people living in São Paulo's middle- and high-income neighborhoods. Improvements in social conditions were more strongly associated with IM declines than increases in the use of health care among São Paulo's low-income neighborhoods. To reduce health inequalities, policies should target benefits to lower-income neighborhoods. Subsequent research should document the consequences of recent changes in Brazil's economic capacity and commitment to public health spending for population health.

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Infant Mortality in Moscow: the Perils of Progress in Russia’s World City

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Spatial patterns of avoidable fetal mortality and social deprivation

Spatial patterns of avoidable fetal mortality and social deprivation

Amenable Mortality and Neighborhood Inequality: An Ecological Study of São Paulo

Neighborhood inequalities and the decline of infant mortality in São Paulo

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