Infant feeding practice on growth velocity in 4-6 month-olds

Abstract

Background In developing countries, 5-10% of infants suffer from failure to thrive. Adequate feeding is the most crucial factor for optimal growth in early life.Objective To assess the differences in growth velocity at 4 to 6 months of age, based on the infant feeding practices.Methods This cross-sectional study involving 4 to 6 month-old babies from 6 public health centres in Yogyakarta was performed from August to November 2016. Data on body weight, and growth velocity as they related to weight at birth were collected. Subjects were divided into groups according to their feeding practices.Results Of 173 subjects, 130 (75%) infants were exclusively breastfed, 19 infants (11%) were given breast milk and formula, 14 (8%) infants were given breast milk and complementary food (8%), and 10 (6%) infants were given formula and complementary food. The mean growth velocity z-scores by group were as follows: exclusively breastfed 0.04 (SD 1.15) (95%CI -0.16 to 0.24), breast milk and formula -0.61 (SD 0.84) (95%CI -1.01 to -0.21), breast milk and complementary food -0.69 (SD 1.14) (95%CI -1.35 to -0.04), formula and complementary food 0.23 (SD 1.50) (95%CI: -0.84 to 1.31). The mean difference in growth velocity between the exclusively breastfed vs. breast milk and formula groups was 0.65 (SD 0.28) (95%CI: 0.10 to 1.20; P=0.02); vs. breast milk and complementary food was 0.73 (SD 0.32) (95%CI: 0.10 to 1.37; P=0.02); and vs. formula and complementary food was -0.19 (SD 0.37) (95%CI: -0.93 to 0.55; P=0.61).Conclusion Exclusively breastfed have the most optimal growth velocity compared to infants who experience other feeding practices.

Cortical Visual Evoked Potentials and Growth in Infants Fed with Bioactive Compounds-Enriched Infant Formula: Results from COGNIS Randomized Clinical Trial

“…An interesting observation was the absence of significant differences in infants’ growth pattern, in terms of WAZ, WLZ, LAZ, and BAZ, between experimental or standard infant formula respect to those who were breastfed up to 18 months. This finding has a particular interest as formula-fed infants classically show accelerated growth profile compared to breastfed infants from 2 months of age to the end of the first year of life [27,28,29], which in turn is related to a higher risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life [30,31,32]. The above-mentioned differences in growth patterns have been related to higher protein intake in formula-fed infants, particularly after the first 2 months of life [33].…”

Predicting the Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Gross Motor Milestones Development: The Practice and Prevalence of Breastfeeding in Metropolitan Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

“…Thereafter, breast milk remains the primary natural energy resource of infants, essentially providing more than half of their nutritional demand during the second half of the first year and up to one-third of their nutrition during the second year of life [1]. Breast milk contains the perfect amounts of calories and nutrients for the infant, especially during the first four to six months of life, providing the required velocity for growth [2]. It provides the right blend of benefits, encompassing the immunological, behavioral, and economic aspects while cementing mother-infant bonding [1].…”

Breastfeeding Patterns in Stunted and Not Stunted Toddlers Using Infant Feeding Area Graphs in the Working Area of the Pagambiran Health Center, Padang

“…Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Du, Y., et al (2021) menemukan ASI Eskklusif sebanyak 35,13% dan pemebrian ASI ditambah susu formula sebanyak 50,30% hampir sama dengan penelitian ini (13). Kurniawan, J., Anggraini, A., & Julia, M. (2018) menyebutkan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif memberikan kecepatan pertumbuhan paling optimal bagi bayi berusia 4-6 bulan dibandingkan dengan praktik pemberian makan lainnya ( 14). Tak hanya penting untuk pertumbuhan, ASI juga meningkatkan kekebalan dan kecerdasan bayi, dan mungkin meningkatkan hubungan emosional antara ibu dan bayi (15,16) ASI mengandung beberapa zat pelindung faktor yang meningkatkan imunitas bayi pada 6 yang pertama bulan.…”