Infant Feeding Patterns in the First 6 Months: An Assessment in Full‐term Infants

Nevo, Neta; Rubin, Lisa; Tamir, Ada; Levine, Arie; Shaoul, Ron

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31803e1706

Cited by 61 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…An Israeli study undertaken in four maternal and child health care centres between 2002 and 2003 found that 47% of infants experienced a formula change in the first 6 months of life. Most of the formula changes were to another cow’s milk based formula (not defined) and, on average, the first change occurred at 3 months [8]. The EDEN (Étude des Déterminants pré et postnatals du développement et de la santé de l’Enfant) mother-child cohort reported on the effect of the predominant choice of infant formula in the first 4 months of life on infant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that infant feeding practices are regularly monitored [7] but the literature on type of infant formula practices, in comparison to breastfeeding practices, is scant [8–13]. To our knowledge only one study [13] reported the use of standard whey-based infant formula at 6 weeks postpartum but did not examine the use of standard whey-based infant formula throughout the first year of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant formula feeding practices in a prospective population based study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIt is recommended that formula-fed infants are given standard whey-based infant formula throughout the first year of life, unless otherwise advised by healthcare professionals. To our knowledge it has not yet been explored if parents are using a whey-based infant formula throughout the first 12 months of life. Reasons for parental choice of formula are also unknown. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to describe parental administration of whey-based and non whey-based infant formula in the first year of life.MethodsData collected as part of the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study examined infant feeding practices at 2, 6 and 12 months of age. Descriptive analysis explored infant feeding practices and parental reasons for changing from a whey-based to a non whey-based infant formula. Multiple logistic regression investigated parental and infant characteristics associated with the use of whey-based infant formula.ResultsIn total, 62.4%, 40.4% and 12.8% parent(s) at 2, 6 and 12 months, respectively, gave their infant whey-based infant formula. No parental or infant characteristic was found to consistently influence the use of whey-based infant formula. The most common reason reported by parent(s) for changing their infant’s formula to a non whey-based formula was that they perceived their baby as being hungry.ConclusionThe majority of parent(s) commence their infants on whey-based formula, but most change to non whey-based formula before 12 months of age. Parental perception of infant satiety and not healthcare advice was the most common reason for changing from a whey-based to a non whey-based infant formula. Additional research is now required to investigate the effect of whey-based and non whey-based infant formula on infant growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant formula feeding practices in a prospective population based study

et al. 2016

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“…Infants who are exclusively formula-fed often receive just one type of formula, which limits their exposure to varied flavor experiences [49] . Despite the lack of flavor variety, different types and brands of formulas vary in their characteristic flavor profile, due to differences in their composition and processing [50] .…”

Section: Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavor Perception and Preference Development in Human Infants

Forestell¹

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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As most parents and caregivers are aware, feeding children a nutritionally balanced diet can be challenging. Children are born with a biological predisposition to prefer sweet and to avoid bitter foods such as green leafy vegetables. It has been hypothesized that this predisposition evolved to attract children to energy-dense foods while discouraging the consumption of toxins. Although this may have enhanced survival in environments historically characterized by food scarcity, it is clearly maladaptive in many of today's food environments where children are surrounded by an abundance of sweet-tasting, unhealthful foods and beverages that place them at risk for excessive weight gain. Because overweight or obese children tend to become overweight or obese adults who are at risk for a range of cardiovascular diseases, it is of primary importance to develop effective evidence-based strategies to promote the development of healthy eating styles. Fortunately, accumulating evidence suggests that, starting before birth and continuing throughout development, there are repeated and varied opportunities for children to learn to enjoy the flavors of healthful foods. Because flavors are transmitted from the maternal diet to amniotic fluid and breast milk, mothers who consume a variety of healthful foods throughout pregnancy and lactation provide their infants with an opportunity to learn to like these flavors. This in turn eases the transition to healthful foods at weaning. In contrast, infants fed formula learn to prefer its invariant flavor profile, which differs from breast milk, and may initially be less accepting of flavors not found in formula. This process can continue throughout weaning and into childhood if infants are repeatedly exposed to a variety of healthful foods, even if they initially dislike them. These early-life sensory experiences establish food preferences and dietary patterns that set the stage for lifelong dietary habits.

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“…Although the types of flavors that breastfed infants experience before their first taste of solid foods reflect the culinary practices of their mothers, which varies from infant to infant[60,87], formula-fed infants are usually exposed to constant flavors after birth and prior to weaning, since most formula-fed infants experience a single type of formula[90]. The absence of a robust experimental paradigm, like that employed for other sensory systems (e.g., vision, audition/language) and other animals, has inhibited progress in understanding whether human flavor programming exhibits age-related changes in functional plasticity, commonly referred to as sensitive periods.…”

Section: Sensitive Period For Flavor Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gustatory and Olfactory Systems During Infancy: Implications for Development of Feeding Behaviors in the High-Risk Neonate

Lipchock¹,

Reed²,

Mennella³

2011

Clinics in Perinatology

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Synopsis This chapter reviews the development of the senses of taste and smell, which provide information on the flavor of foods, and discusses how innate predispositions interact with early-life feeding experiences to form children’s dietary preferences and habits. A basic understanding of the development and functioning of the chemical senses during early childhood may assist in forming evidence-based strategies to improve children’s diets, especially for those who experience a discontinuity or disruption in early flavor experiences.

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Infant Feeding Patterns in the First 6 Months: An Assessment in Full‐term Infants

Abstract: The most common reason for switching a formula was concern regarding common infantile symptoms or behavior patterns perceived by parents to be related to formula intolerance. The decision to switch formula was usually made by the parents without consulting a health professional.

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Infant formula feeding practices in a prospective population based study

Infant formula feeding practices in a prospective population based study

Flavor Perception and Preference Development in Human Infants

The Gustatory and Olfactory Systems During Infancy: Implications for Development of Feeding Behaviors in the High-Risk Neonate

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