Infant feeding, early weight gain, and risk of type 1 diabetes. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group.

Hyppönen, Elina; Kenward, Mike; Virtanen, Suvi Μ.; Piitulainen, Ari; Virta-Autio, Paula; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Knip, Mikael; Åkerblom, Hans K.

doi:10.2337/diacare.22.12.1961

Cited by 149 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…Thus, both puberty and high linear growth in any age group was associated with an increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes. More recently, several prospective studies have confirmed the association with height and have also shown that increases in all estimates of child growth (height, weight and BMI) are associated with increased risk [25][26][27][28]-in particular, early height and weight increase over the first 2 years of life [28]. Obesity has also been proposed to be a predictor of type 1 diabetes over and above increased linear growth [27].…”

Section: The Overload Effect In Autoimmune Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we slow the rising incidence of childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes? The overload hypothesis

2005

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Section: The Overload Effect In Autoimmune Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we slow the rising incidence of childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes? The overload hypothesis

2005

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“…People with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes are heavier [9][10][11] and taller [10][11][12] during infancy (which here is defined as the first 3 years of a child's life), and seem to gain weight faster during their first years [13]. The impacts of childhood growth and weight gain on adult-onset type 1 diabetes are still unknown, because in previous studies investigating the effects of childhood growth on type 1 diabetes all participants had been diagnosed under the age of 16 years [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood BMI trajectories and the risk of developing young adult-onset diabetes

Lammi¹,

Moltchanova²,

Blomstedt³

et al. 2009

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the effects of childhood BMI growth dynamics on the risk of developing young adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods Finnish national healthcare registers were used to identify individuals with diabetes diagnosed between 1992 and 1996 at 15-39 years of age. Non-diabetic control participants were chosen from the National Population Registry. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from the original child welfare clinic records. Only the case-control pairs with sufficient growth data recorded were included in the analyses (218/1,388 for type 1 diabetes [16%] and 64/1,121 for type 2 diabetes [6%]). Two developmental stages in BMI growth (the points of infancy maximum BMI and the BMI rebound) were examined, and conditional logistic regression was applied to the variables of interest.Results The risk for type 1 diabetes increased 1.19-fold per 1 kg/m 2 rise in the infancy maximum BMI (p=0.02). In addition, there was a 1.77-fold increase in the risk for type 2 diabetes per 1 kg/m 2 rise in the level of BMI at the BMI rebound (p=0.04). Higher values of BMI at these points corresponded to a larger BMI gain from birth to that developmental stage. Age at the infancy maximum BMI or age at the BMI rebound did not affect the risk for either type of diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation The BMI gain in infancy among individuals who subsequently developed young adult-onset type 1 diabetes was faster than that of those who remained healthy. The excess BMI gain in individuals who developed young adult-onset type 2 diabetes could already be seen during early childhood.

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“…Furthermore, children with T1D as well as their non-diabetic siblings were found to be slightly heavier at birth than newborns in the general population, a phenomenon that has been observed also before, especially in boys. 30,31 Except in Finland, mean BW has increased substantially in Nordic countries, 29 as well as other countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada during the last 25-year period. 32 This is largely due to the changes in numerous maternal features, such as improved nutrition and increases in maternal height, weight and gestational diabetes, higher age at delivery and reduced smoking during pregnancy.…”

Section: Based On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

A population-specific diabetogenic haplotype HLA-A2,Cw1,B56,DR4,DQ8 is associated with high birthweight in Finnish diabetic families

Järvinen¹,

Harjutsalo²,

Kinnunen

et al. 2008

Genes Immun

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Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility HLA genotypes are shown to have an increased birthweight. We investigated to what extent T1D-predisposing HLA haplotypes were associated with increased birthweight. A total of 1255 Finnish children comprising those with T1D and their non-diabetic siblings were investigated. A total of 342 children and their non-diabetic parents were HLA genotyped. Birthweight data were obtained from the national Medical Birth Registry. The population-specific diabetogenic haplotype HLA-A2,Cw1,B56,DR4,DQ8 was associated with high birthweight (P ¼ 0.0280) in families with a diabetic offspring. Other T1D-predisposing HLA haplotypes showed nonsignificant tendency with high birthweight. More infants with a birthweight X4000 g were born in families with a T1D offspring than in the general Finnish population (P ¼ 0.0139). The previously observed direct association between birthweight and T1D risk may be mediated through the modulating effects that T1D susceptibility HLA genes have on weight. High birthweight and subsequent weight gain may accelerate the ongoing pancreatic autoimmune process in genetically susceptible individuals. The high proportion of infants having a birthweight X4000 g in families with a diabetic offspring raises a concern of potential adverse health outcomes that high birthweight can have.

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Infant feeding, early weight gain, and risk of type 1 diabetes. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group.

Abstract: These observations indicate that an early exposure to cow's milk formula-feeding and rapid growth in infancy are independent risk factors of childhood type 1 diabetes.

Cited by 149 publications

References 1 publication

Can we slow the rising incidence of childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes? The overload hypothesis

Can we slow the rising incidence of childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes? The overload hypothesis

Childhood BMI trajectories and the risk of developing young adult-onset diabetes

A population-specific diabetogenic haplotype HLA-A2,Cw1,B56,DR4,DQ8 is associated with high birthweight in Finnish diabetic families

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