Childhood BMI trajectories and the risk of developing young adult-onset diabetes

Lammi, N.; Moltchanova, Elena; Blomstedt, Paul; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Eriksson, Johan G.; Karvonen, M. J.

doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1244-0

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…First, there is no information on the extent to which genetic and environmental factors may influence the rate-of-change of adolescent BMI. Understanding the contribution of the underlying factors in BMI trajectories across this period is essential as it may help in the prevention of obesity and its comorbidities later in life (Lammi et al 2009). While findings have clearly suggested the presence of specific genetic influences accounting for the change of BMI across middle and late adulthood (Hjelmborg et al 2008;Ortega-Alonso et al 2009), it remains unknown whether this is also the case in adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing BMI Development from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

et al. 2011

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BMI increases progressively from adolescence to young adulthood. The aims of the present study were firstly, to investigate the extent to which genetic and environmental influences account for differences in BMI trajectories during this period, and secondly to examine whether boys and girls show divergences in these influences, as their BMI normally start differing across adolescence. The study sample consisted of 4,915 monozygotic and like- and unlike-sex dizygotic twins, born between 1975 and 1979. Data on BMI was gathered when twins were on average 16.1, 17.1, 18.6 and 24.4 years old. Genetic and environmental influences on the BMI trajectories were modeled using a latent growth curve approach. The results showed that the heritability of BMI decreased slightly after the adolescence period, from ≈ 80 to 70%. BMI transition from adolescence to young adulthood was best described by a quadratic trajectory that was highly accounted (61.7-86.5%) for by additive genetic influences. Genetic influences on BMI level showed a low correlation with those on the trend in BMI with age indicating that different sets of genes underlie the change of BMI during this period. Importantly, the analyses also evidenced that different genetic and environmental influences may underlie boys and girls evolution. In conclusion, our results suggested specific genetic influences accounting for the BMI rate-of-change from adolescence to young adulthood. This indicates that the specific genes behind BMI level may not be the same as the genes affecting BMI change which should be taken into account in further efforts to identify these genes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing BMI Development from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

et al. 2011

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“…Finnish studies have shown that those children who presented subsequently with type 1 diabetes were not only heavier but also taller in infancy (18,35), although there were no significant differences in birth weight or length. A recent survey showed that those subjects who presented with type 1 diabetes between 15 and 39 y of age had a higher gain in their body mass index during infancy than unaffected controls (36).…”

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes

Knip

Virtanen²,

Åkerblom³

2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

133

100

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Type 1 diabetes is generally considered to be a chronic, immunemediated disease with a subclinical prodrome during which b cell autoimmunity becomes overt disease at a variable rate in genetically susceptible individuals. Accumulated evidence supports a critical role of environmental factors in its development. Prospective birth cohort studies show that the first signs of b cell autoimmunity may be initiated during the first year of life. This implies that risk factors for b cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes must be operative in infancy. Early nutrition provides essential exogenous exposures in that period. This article discusses the role of factors related to infant nutrition in the development of b cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes and the potential mechanistic pathways involved. So far, no specific dietary factor has been shown to be an unequivocal risk factor for b cell autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes, and there are a number of contradictory observations with regard to the effect of various foods. This may reflect geographic and cultural differences in infant-feeding practices. Most studies suggest that the early introduction of complex foreign proteins may be a risk factor for b cell autoimmunity, and a pilot intervention trial has implied that weaning to a highly hydrolyzed formula may decrease the risk of b cell autoimmunity. Lack of vitamin D supplementation and accelerated growth might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. Additional work, which includes the application of modern approaches such as metabolomics and epigenomics, is needed to discern the contribution of dietary factors in infancy to the diabetic disease process.Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1506S-13S.

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“…Obese children often become obese adults (2), and obese children have a greater risk of developing hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes (3,4). Childhood adiposity has a significant bearing on subsequent adult health and disease, and a higher BMI in childhood is associated with adult-onset diabetes (5,6), hypertension (7,8), visceral and s.c. fat mass (9), metabolic syndrome (10), and coronary heart disease (11). Similarly, elevated fasting plasma insulin (FI) level in childhood is associated with the adult metabolic syndrome (10,12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Childhood Adiposity and the Risk of Developing Components of Metabolic Syndrome—The Da Qing Children Cohort Study

Chen

Lee

Wang³

et al. 2011

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT:Childhood adiposity is increasingly recognized as a significant predictor of cardiometabolic risks in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with longitudinal changes in weight during childhood and the development of metabolic disease risk factors. Four hundred twenty-four children from DaQing city, China, were recruited at 5 y old and followed up for 5 y. Birth weight, television (TV) viewing time at 5 y old, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma insulin (FI), and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured at 5 and 10 y old. Both birth weight and TV viewing time at 5 y old significantly correlated with percentage of ideal weight for height (WFH) at 5 y old (WFH5; p ϭ 0.0032 and p ϭ 0.01), but only TV time was significantly correlated with WFH at 10 y old (WFH10; p Ͻ 0.0001). Blood pressures, FI, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and TG at 10 y old were significantly greater in those children who had greater change in WFH from 5 to 10 y old (⌬WFH). We concluded that TV viewing time was the stronger determinant of later childhood adiposity. A greater ⌬WFH was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors at 10 y old. (Pediatr Res 70: 307-312, 2011) C hildhood obesity is becoming an increasing concern around the world and is already a major public health problem in China (1). Obese children often become obese adults (2), and obese children have a greater risk of developing hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes (3,4). Childhood adiposity has a significant bearing on subsequent adult health and disease, and a higher BMI in childhood is associated with adult-onset diabetes (5,6), hypertension (7,8), visceral and s.c. fat mass (9), metabolic syndrome (10), and coronary heart disease (11). Similarly, elevated fasting plasma insulin (FI) level in childhood is associated with the adult metabolic syndrome (10,12).A number of factors can lead to obesity in children, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. In addition, childhood adiposity may be influenced by early life events like in utero fetal growth (13), breast feeding (14), and rapidity of weight gain during infancy (13,15). A heavier birth weight has been shown to confer a higher risk of being overweight during childhood and adolescence (16,17). Evidence from prospective observational studies suggests that increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior may be protective against weight gain in childhood and adolescence (18). Television (TV) viewing is a prevalent sedentary activity, and an estimated 26.5 to 49.2% of children 11 to 15 y old watch TV for 4 h or more per day (19). TV viewing time has been consistently linked with a higher risk of being overweight in children and adults (20 -23). The National Health Examination Survey examined 6671 children aged 12 to 17 y and found the prevalence of obesity increased by 2% for each additional hour of TV viewed (20). Another study of 746 children 10 to 1...

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Childhood BMI trajectories and the risk of developing young adult-onset diabetes

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing BMI Development from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing BMI Development from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes

Longitudinal Study of Childhood Adiposity and the Risk of Developing Components of Metabolic Syndrome—The Da Qing Children Cohort Study

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