Inertia and Damping Analysis of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Power Generation System With DC Voltage Droop Control

A state‐of‐the‐art comprehensive review of modern control techniques for grid‐connected wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays distributed generation systems

“…The GSC CBs of both DGSs comprise VC, dc-link VC, CC, QC and grid sync. control and perform dc-link voltage regulation, synchronization with utility grid, control of P g flowing towards the grid, control of Q g absorption/injection based on the grid codes to secure LVRT/FRT capability under grid faults, unity power factor (PF) and a high quality power injection [68,98,102]. Nonetheless, the GSB CB of single-stage PV systems or Type II (Figure 13c) additionally performs the MPPT control unlike the GSC CB of WTs DGSs [86].…”

“…To extract the desired power from the PV arrays, the MPPT control in the PVSC CB, using the V PV and I PV , adjusts the PWM duty cycle (D) for the PVSC switching devices via a PI control-based VC in the Type I as [84,98]:…”

“…The GSC CB of Type II additionally performs the MPPT [85] unlike Type I where the MPPT control is implemented in the PVSC CB [84,85] as shown in Figure 13c. The GSC CB generally employs dual-loop VOC configuration with the PI control-based dq-axis CCs in the inner loop and a dc-link VC in the outer loop as shown in Figure 13 [98]. The inputs to the GSC CBs for Types I and II in Figure 13b and c, respectively, are V dc , V PV , I PV , I iabc , filter inductance (L f ), V pgabc and angular frequency V pgabc (ω g ), where V iLαβ are the output signals to control the switching devices of GSC of PV arrays DGS in Figure 12.…”

“…In the future, the PCB using individual control techniques [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] is not much suitable for the recent large-scale WTs in many cases. This is because the WTs are complicated electromechanical configurations and are easily affected by the varying Rated V dc (V) 700 [78] 1200 [11,48] 700 [86], 750 [98], 230 [108] dc-link capacitor (μF) 60,000 [9], 3300 [78] 10,000 [48] 2200 [4], 2860 [108], 6000 [86], 5000 [105] Typical V sgabc (kV) 6.6 [29], 11.4 [33] 2 5 [ 12], 120 [30] 120 [102], 6.6 [105] Typical V pgabc (V) 575 [9] or 690 [73] 575 [11], 690 [31] 415 [4,86], 380 [98] PCS V W conditions. Thus, the hybrid/integrated control techniquesbased improved PCB as proposed in [136] can be extensively explored for the speed control of future WTs.…”

“…The dc-link VC for the GSC CB of Types I and II is mostly applied using PI control [98,99], adaptive PI control [100], ANFIS [101], proxy-based SMC (PBSMC) [102], Lyapunov-based adaptive control (LBAC) [103] and FLC [104]. Also, the QC of the GSC CB is mostly realized using PI control [98,105]. Likewise, the dq-axis CC of the GSC CB comprises PI control [106], reduced-order generalized integrator using a complex coefficient (CC-ROGI) control [107], ISMC [108], MPC [109], feedback linearization (FL) control [7], PR control [110] and H ∞ control [111].…”