Inequality at the top. The gender earnings gap among the Italian educational elite

Passaretta, Giampiero; Triventi, Moris

doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100796

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Similar to most studies of gender earnings differential decomposition, such as Altonji and Blank (1999) 2 , the unexplained part is about 3 times as much as the explained part, showing that more earnings differentials stem from unobserved or unexplained factors than the observed human capital differences. As speculated by Alfano et al (2021) and Passaretta & Triventi (2023), the unobserved factors, including women's child-bearing and rearing responsibilities or other stereotypical perceptions over female, might account for a large part of discrimination (the unexplained part of earnings gap) on female workers.…”

Section: Table 1 Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Education Reduce or Mitigate Discrimination? An Investigation on Earnings of PhD Recipients in the US

Huang,

Zang,

Kan

2024

EAL

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Spence’s signaling model (Spence, 1973) suggests that education can signal workers’ unobserved ability to employers thereby mitigating discrimination. There have been several studies concerning education’s impact on labor market discrimination against minority or disadvantaged groups. Our approach in this inquiry is unique in that we utilize the data of PhD recipients, a group of people with the highest education attainment, to test Spence’s theory. Another novelty of this paper is that in addition to examining possible discrimination against women and foreign-born, as has been done in previous studies, we further explore possible discrimination against the physically challenged individuals. Our baseline results show conflicting results that Ph.D. education can reduce discrimination against disability and foreign-born but not against gender. Further analysis by the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition shows that the wage gaps of gender and disability come more from the unobserved part than the explained part, while the foreign-born wage gap come more from the observable human capital differences. Since prejudice is an unobserved factor and we know that the disadvantaged groups are likely to suffer from prejudice (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder, 1973; Montes-Rojas et al., 2017; Deshpande and Khanna, 2018), we conjecture that prejudice might be attributable to the unexplained part of the wage gaps. Furthermore, prejudice might be deeply rooted in one’s mind, thus difficult to remove even with the influence of education. Hence, our results reveal that it would be hard for Ph.D. education to eradicate the discrimination against gender and disability, but not against foreign-born.</span></p>

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Section: Table 1 Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%