Inedible mushrooms: a good source of biologically active substances

Abstract

ABSTRACT:In the course of our investigation on biologically active substances from inedible mushrooms in Japan, Germany, and Vietnam, we studied the chemical constituents of 22 species belonging to five families: Scutigeraceae, Polyporaceae, Xylariaceae, Thelephoraceae, and Paxillaceae. Various types of chemical substances were purified and characterized based on the modern spectroscopic methods and also on chemical reactions. These metabolites have shown a broad activity in many biological systems, such as antimicrobial, nematicidal, inhibition of NO production, antihuman immunodeficiency virus, tumor necrosis factor-α, and antioxidant activities. These isolated metabolites did not only show interesting activities, but also are employed as chemical markers supported for chemosystematics of these families. This review paper deals with the chemical constituents of 22 species, their biological activities, and also a discussion on chemosystematics.

Styrylpyrone-class compounds from medicinal fungi Phellinus and Inonotus spp., and their medicinal importance

“…36 Isohispidin (12) co-occurs as a minor compound, together with hispidin (1), suggesting that hispidin is a more stable structure than isohispidin (12). These metabolites (1,(12)(13)(14)(15) share the same biosynthetic origin as polyketides derived from caffeoyl-CoA. The structurally unusual inotilone (15) could be the product of decarboxylation-radical ring closure from hispolon (16), which was not isolated from this fungus, but is present in I. hispidus.…”

“…Some mushrooms have been shown to be physiologically beneficial to humans and to produce various classes of structurally unique and biologically active metabolites that exhibit significant anti-microbial, anti-tumor and anti-viral activities. [1][2][3][4][5] Members of the genera Phellinus and Inonotus, including P. linteus, P. ribis, P. igniarius, I. obliquus, and I. xeranticus, have been used as traditional medicines for treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease, tuberculosis, liver or heart disease, fester, bellyache, blood gonorrhea, stomach ailment and diabetes. 6 However, despite increased usage, their pharmacological actions have not been well established.…”

γ-Ionylidene-type sesquiterpenoids possessing antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis from Ph ellinus linteus and their absolute structure determination

“…Some other classes of mushrooms also contain compounds (including polysaccharides, flavones, triterpenes and phenols) that have been reported to be responsible for various bioactivities exhibited by P. linteus. [9][10][11][12] Components in fruiting bodies and mycelia can be differentiated because the contents in P. linteus parasitizing on the trunk of Morus alba L. are noticeably higher than those on other trees. Therefore, we supposed that an isolation study based on P. linteus would be suitable for medical research.…”

Compounds from Wild Mushrooms with Antitumor Potential

“…The natural polysaccharides isolated from mushrooms, described as having antitumor potential, include different types of glicosidic linkages ( Table 2), while some are bound to protein or peptide residues such as polysaccharide-protein or -peptide complexes (Table 3) [13,21,25,56,59]. Data on mushroom polysaccharides, with most belonging to the group of -glucans, has been collected from more than 650 species representing 182 genera of higher Basidiomycetes [8].…”