“…In addition to the consumer as external source of innovation, links to other firms and organizations present a source of innovation (Barzi, Cortelezzi, Marseguerra, & Zoia, 2015;von Hippel, 1988;Woodside, 2005). Various collective settings such as supplier-buyer relationships (Un & Asakawa, 2015), alliances and partnerships (Le Roy, Robert, & Lasch, 2016;Pahnke, Katila, & Eisenhardt, 2015), university-industry linkages (Etzkowitz, 2012;Van Gils, Vissers, & Dankbaar, 2015), clusters and other networks (Greve, 2009;Kim & Lui), constitute possible contexts for interorganizational linkages as external source of innovation. In reality it is rare that only one source of innovation is solicited exclusively.…”