Industrial uses of palm, palm kernel and coconut oils: Nitrogen derivatives

Reck, R. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02541405

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Alkyl amines are intermediates of a wide variety of technical products, in particular surfactants [9,10]. They are prepared industrially from the corresponding alkyl nitriles were formed by the pyrolytic reaction of 1-octadecylamine with TMSH as checked by GC/MS.…”

Section: Alkyl Amines and Alkyl Nitrilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"cocoamide" and erucamide, as well as fatty acid ethanolamides, e.g. stearic acid ethanolamide [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Amides and Ethanolamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipids having functional groups such as alkyl amines, fatty acid amides and ethanolamides as well as hydroxy fatty acids, alkylglycerols and long-chain alcohols are well-known fatty acid derivatives for industrial applications such as detergent and cosmetic formulations [8][9][10][11]. These lipid classes have been detected in microorganisms, plants, and animals as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of N- and O-methyl derivatives of lipids containing amino, amide or hydroxy groups by the pyrolytic reaction with trimethylsulfonium hydroxide

Vosmann¹,

Schulte²,

Klein

et al. 1998

Fett/Lipid

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Base‐catalyzed transesterification of acyl lipids with methanol in the presence of trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) is an easy and convenient method for the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for GC analyses. However, lipids containing functional groups such as amino, amide and hydroxy groups are converted in varying degrees to the corresponding N‐ and O‐methyl derivatives by the pyrolytic reaction of TMSH occurring in the injector of the gas chromatograph. For example, lipids containing amino or amide groups are converted into the corresponding N‐methyl and N,N‐dimethyl derivatives, fatty acid ethanolamides to the corresponding N‐methyl, O‐methyl and N,O‐dimethyl derivatives, whereas alkyl methyl ethers are formed from long‐chain alcohols. Furthermore, 2‐O‐ and 3‐O‐monomethyl ethers as well as 2,3‐di‐O‐methyl ethers are formed from 1‐O‐alkylglycerols, methoxy fatty acid methyl esters from hydroxy fatty acids as well as steryl 3β‐O‐methyl ethers from cholesterol and other sterols. Since some of the mentioned artefacts may interfere with fatty acid methyl esters in GC separations the TMSH derivatization method is recommended only with caution for lipids containing amino, amide and hydroxy groups. The methylation reactions, which finally lead to the corresponding N‐methyl, O‐methyl, N,N‐dimethyl or N,O‐dimethyl derivatives of fatty acids and lipids may, however, be of some diagnostic value for the structural analysis of such lipids by GC/MS.

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Section: Alkyl Amines and Alkyl Nitrilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"cocoamide" and erucamide, as well as fatty acid ethanolamides, e.g. stearic acid ethanolamide [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Amides and Ethanolamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Formation of N- and O-methyl derivatives of lipids containing amino, amide or hydroxy groups by the pyrolytic reaction with trimethylsulfonium hydroxide

Vosmann¹,

Schulte²,

Klein

et al. 1998

Fett/Lipid

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are several reports on the synthesis of fatty amides from fatty acids or their esters with various amine compounds either under high temperature and pressure 4,5) or by enzymatic synthesis [6][7][8] . Vegetable oils are given considerable attention as they are biodegradable, renewable, non toxic, environmental friendly and easily available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of N,N'-Carbonyl Difatty Amides from Palm Oil

et al. 2009

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N,N'-Carbonyl difatty amides (CDFAs) have been synthesized from palm oil using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. Ethyl fatty esters (EFEs) were produced as a by-product as well as glycerol. The synthesis was carried out by reflux palm oil and urea in presence of ethanol. In this process, palm oil gave 79% pure CDFAs after 8 hours and molar ratio of urea to palm oil was 6.2: 1 at 78 . Both CDFAs and EFEs have been characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique.

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“…Coconut and palm kernel oils are used extensively for edible and nonedible purposes all over the world (Child 1974). Detergent industries mainly depend on coconut and palm kernel oils for lauric acid (Ogoshi and Miyawaki 1985;Reck 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Composition and Tocopherol Content of Amazonian Palm Oils

Shukla¹,

Jensen

1996

Journal of Food Lipids

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The characteristics of oils recovered from seeds of Astrocaryum chambira and A. urostachys have been evaluated. The gas chromatographic analyses showed that lauric and myristic acids are predominant fatty acids accounting for 50.8–52.3 and 26.2–28.1% of the total, respectively; thus, resembling closely to palm kernel stearines. Tocotrienols were the major antioxidants present in both Astrocaryum chambira and A. urostachys Kernel oils. Application of these oils in the confectionery industry without use of any fractionation techniques is recommended.

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Industrial uses of palm, palm kernel and coconut oils: Nitrogen derivatives

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Formation of N- and O-methyl derivatives of lipids containing amino, amide or hydroxy groups by the pyrolytic reaction with trimethylsulfonium hydroxide

Formation of N- and O-methyl derivatives of lipids containing amino, amide or hydroxy groups by the pyrolytic reaction with trimethylsulfonium hydroxide

Synthesis and Characterization of N,N'-Carbonyl Difatty Amides from Palm Oil

Fatty Acid Composition and Tocopherol Content of Amazonian Palm Oils

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