Synthesis and Characterization of N,N'-Carbonyl Difatty Amides from Palm Oil

Abstract

N,N'-Carbonyl difatty amides (CDFAs) have been synthesized from palm oil using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. Ethyl fatty esters (EFEs) were produced as a by-product as well as glycerol. The synthesis was carried out by reflux palm oil and urea in presence of ethanol. In this process, palm oil gave 79% pure CDFAs after 8 hours and molar ratio of urea to palm oil was 6.2: 1 at 78 . Both CDFAs and EFEs have been characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Hydroxamic Acids from Triacylglycerides

“…Other uses include, synthesized a series of alkyloxybenzoyl hydroxamic acids and fatty acyl hydroxamic acids and found that some of these chemicals possessed antifungal activity [7][8][9] . Several studies were carried out for synthesis of hydroxamic acids from acids and esters with hydroxyl amine [10][11][12][13] . Servat et al (1990) reported that the synthesis of alkanohydroxamic acids (N-acyl hydroxylamines) by Rhizomucor miehei lipase -catalyzed hydroxylaminolysis of fatty acids and soybean methyl ester 14) .…”

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Amides fromPalm Olein

“…Fatty amides were synthesized from fatty acids with urea instead of ammonia or other amidation reactant using Candida antartica lipase (Novozyme 435) as a catalyst at 60 for 48 h and atmospheric pressure 13) . It was reported in our previous paper 14) that N, N' carbonyl difatty amides were synthesized by refluxing palm oil and urea using sodium ethoxide as a catalyst in the presence of ethanol at 78 for 8 h. Our literature search shows that there is no information regarding enzymatic synthesis of fatty amides directly from palm olein and urea.…”

Poly(Lactic Acid) as a Biopolymer-Based Nano-Composite

“…The first commercial clay nano-composite was prepared via an ion exchanging process (Ray and Okamoto, 2003;Giannelis, 1996). Recently, many studies were reported for MMT modification using alkylammonium ions produced from vegetable oils (Al-Mulla et al, 2009;Al-Mulla et al, 2010a;Hoidy et al, 2010a;Hoidy et al, 2010b).…”