Industrial production of spirulina as a protein source for bioactive peptide generation

Lafarga, Tomás; Sánchez-Zurano, Ana; Villaró, Silvia; Morillas-España, Ainoa; Acién, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.018

Cited by 70 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Among other enzymatic preparations, Alcalase R was found to increase the extraction yield of hydrophilic compounds by 90% compared to the simple solvent extraction (Verdasco-Martín et al, 2019). Moreover, the Alcalase R treatment contributed to the production of bioactive peptides, which can positively impact human and animal metabolism and health, as extensively reported by authors (Tacias-Pascacio et al, 2020;Lafarga et al, 2021). On the other hand, microbial fermentation has widely been reported as a promising tool for the release of bioactive peptides with Lactobacillus species being the predominantly used (Patil et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Microalgae feasibility as food ingredients or source of nutrients and/or bioactive compounds and their health effects have been widely studied ( Barros de Medeiros et al, 2021 ). Indeed, as bioactive peptides are generated from proteins and microalgae are protein-rich feedstocks, the potential utilization of microalgae as a source for peptides has gained increased interest during the past decade ( Lafarga et al, 2021 ). Currently, only few species of microalgae are grown, produced, and used on a commercial scale, and among all, Arthrospira platensis is one of the most used ( Barros de Medeiros et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among bioactive compounds used as food ingredients, peptides are one of the most studied ( Fernandes et al, 2019 ). Although peptides can be released using several treatments, the use of commercial proteases is the most common strategy because of the high specificity of proteins and the possibility to control the process ( Lafarga et al, 2021 ). Among other enzymatic preparations, Alcalase ® was found to increase the extraction yield of hydrophilic compounds by 90% compared to the simple solvent extraction ( Verdasco-Martín et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most relevant proteins in Spirulina are phycobiliproteins, water-soluble pigments that can be classified depending on their composition and chromophores content, with phycocyanins, phycoerythrins, and allophycocyanins being the main ones ( Noreña-Caro and Benton, 2018 ). Phycobiliproteins have also been associated with several potential positive health effects, proving to be excellent sources of bioactive peptides with potential application in the functional foods industry as antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antioxidant ingredients among other positive bioactivities assessed both in vitro and in vivo using animal models ( Samarakoon and Jeon, 2012 ; Ovando et al, 2018 ; Lafarga et al, 2021 ). Aside from protein, Spirulina is also valued for the presence of several minerals, including potassium, calcium, magnesium, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamins especially those belonging to the B group ( Carcea et al, 2015 ; Lafarga et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation and Endopeptidase Treatment Improve the Functional and Nutritional Features of Arthrospira platensis

et al. 2021

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This study aimed at investigating the effect of fermentation and enzymatic treatment on the degree of proteolysis of wet (WB), dried at low temperature (DB), and freeze-dried Spirulina (LB) proteins that affect the nutritional (e.g., amino acid content and profiles, and protein digestibility) and functional (e.g., antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) properties. The desiccation treatments influenced the unprocessed Spirulina characteristics because, compared with that in WB, peptides and free amino acids content was 73% lower in DB and 34% higher in LB. An integrated approach, including chromatographic and electrophoresis analyses, was used to evaluate the effect of the different bioprocessing options on protein profiles, release of peptides and amino acids, and the overall protein digestibility. Compared with the application of fermentation with the selected Lactiplantibacillus plantarum T0A10, the treatment with the endopeptidase Alcalase®, alone or combined, determined the most intense proteolysis. Moreover, the treatment with Alcalase® of LB allowed the release of potentially bioactive compounds that are able to inhibit Penicillium roqueforti growth, whereas the combination of fermentation with L. plantarum T0A10 and Alcalase® treatment increased Spirulina antioxidant properties, as determined by the scavenging activity toward ABTS radical (up to 60%) and antimicrobial activity against food pathogen Escherichia coli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation and Endopeptidase Treatment Improve the Functional and Nutritional Features of Arthrospira platensis

et al. 2021

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“…The mixing section can include a sump, used to bubble air and carbon dioxide and simultaneously increase mass transfer and remove dissolved oxygen. Their surface-to-volume ratio generally varies between 5 and 10 m −1 , and their areal biomass productivity is in the range of 20-25 g•m −2 •day −1 when located in areas with sufficient light and adequate temperatures [35]. Closed systems, such as tubular reactors, are easier to control and the quality of the produced biomass is higher, but these are more expensive and, therefore, used for a lower number of applications.…”

Section: Microalgae As Food: Current Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Derived Astaxanthin: Research and Consumer Trends and Industrial Use as Food

Villaró

Ciardi

Morillas-España

et al. 2021

Foods

Self Cite

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Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid currently being produced by chemical synthesis and by extraction from the biomass of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Other microalgae, such as Chlorella zofingiensis, have the potential for being used as sources of astaxanthin. The differences between the synthetic and the microalgae derived astaxanthin are notorious: not only their production and price but also their uses and bioactivity. Microalgae derived astaxanthin is being used as a pigment in food and feed or aquafeed production and also in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Several health-promoting properties have been attributed to astaxanthin, and these were summarized in the current review paper. Most of these properties are attributed to the high antioxidant capacity of this molecule, much higher than that of other known natural compounds. The aim of this review is to consider the main challenges and opportunities of microalgae derived products, such as astaxanthin as food. Moreover, the current study includes a bibliometric analysis that summarizes the current research trends related to astaxanthin. Moreover, the potential utilization of microalgae other than H. pluvialis as sources of astaxanthin as well as the health-promoting properties of this valuable compound will be discussed.

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Design and Nanoengineering of Photoactive Antimicrobials for Bioapplications: from Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies

Xin,

Liu,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Currently, microbial infections have posed an arduous challenge to global public health, whereas the rise of antibiotic resistance is rendering traditional antibiotic therapies futile, prompting the development of new antimicrobial technologies. Photoactive nanomaterials have thus garnered a thriving interest for disinfection owing to their superior antibacterial efficaciousness, favorable biosafety, and rapidness and spatiotemporal precision in excreting bactericidal actions. The review summarizes recent advances and emerging trends in the design, nanoengineering, and bioapplications of photoactive antimicrobials. It commences by elaborating fundamental theories on bacterial resistance, and antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials and phototherapy. Subsequently, the regulation of the antibacterial effectiveness of photoactive nanomaterials is comprehensively discussed, centering on criteria and strategies for tuning photoabsorption spectra, photothermal conversion, and photocatalytic efficiency, alongside tactics for enabling synergistic therapies. This is followed by comparative analyses of techniques and modalities for synthesizing and engineering photoactive nanomaterials with diverse structures, forms, and functionalities. Thereafter, the state‐of‐the‐art applications of phototherapies across various medical sectors are portrayed, and key challenges and opportunities are finally discussed to spur future innovations and translation. This review is envisaged to provide useful guidance for devising and developing nanomaterials‐based photoresponsive antimicrobials with application‐specific materials properties and biological functions.

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Industrial production of spirulina as a protein source for bioactive peptide generation

Cited by 70 publications

References 93 publications

Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation and Endopeptidase Treatment Improve the Functional and Nutritional Features of Arthrospira platensis

Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation and Endopeptidase Treatment Improve the Functional and Nutritional Features of Arthrospira platensis

Microalgae Derived Astaxanthin: Research and Consumer Trends and Industrial Use as Food

Design and Nanoengineering of Photoactive Antimicrobials for Bioapplications: from Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies

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