Industrial processes for manufacturing amines

Nickel Catalyzed Conversion of Cyclohexanol into Cyclohexylamine in Water and Low Boiling Point Solvents

“…As shown in Scheme 1, this process includes dehydrogenation of alcohol to carbonyl compounds, amination of carbonyl compounds to imine, and hydrogenation of imine [11] to amine to produce primary, secondary and tertiary amine. Among the three, primary amine is the most useful intermediate for synthesizing value-added derivatives [12]. However, it is subject to subsequent amination due to its higher activity than ammonia and thus produces secondary and tertiary amine [5].…”

Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines Directly from Alcohols and Ammonia

“…[17] Among the methods for commercial production of amines, [1,18] by far the largest and most utilized are based on the reaction of alcohols with ammonia. However, the heterogeneous processes suffer from the requirement of very high temperatures and pressures and lead to mixtures of amines, as well as alkene and alkane side products.…”

Reductive Amination of 1-Hydroxy-2-propanone Over Nickel and Copper Catalysts

“…From the economic point of view, the production of industrially important amino compounds usually starts from more available alcohols, the hydroxyl group of which is first converted to the more reactive carbonyl group on the surface of the metallic catalyst. Nucleophilic addition of amination agents to the carbonyl group then provides imines (R-N=C-R) or enamines (R-C=C-N-R) that are subsequently easily hydrogenated to particular primary, secondary, or tertiary amines [1][2][3][4][5] . Special group of amines is amino alcohols containing both hydroxyl and amino group in their molecule.…”