Industrial Hygiene, Chemical and Biological Assessments of Exposures to a Chlorinated Phenolic Sapstain Control Agent

Kleinman, Goldy D.; Horstman, Sanford W.; Kalman, David A.; McKenzie, Judith L.; Stansel, Dorothy

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(1986)047<0731:ihcaba>2.3.co;2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Several validation studies of self‐assessment of occupational exposures have been conducted elsewhere [Kleinman et al, 1986; Kromhout et al, 1987; Hertzman et al, 1988; Teschke et al, 1989, 2000; Owen et al, 1992; Stewart and Stewart, 1994a,b; Hammond et al, 1995; Fritschi et al, 1996; Benke et al, 1997; Siemiatycki et al, 1997; Bauer et al, 1999; Tielemans et al, 1999; Hu et al, 2002; Nieuwenhuijsen, 2005; Perry et al, 2006]. In particular, comparisons between self‐assessments and expert ratings of exposures often show moderate to poor agreement, with more confidence being placed on expert ratings [Kromhout et al, 1987; Fritschi et al, 1996; Tielemans et al, 1999; Hu et al, 2002; Perry et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In exposure assessment for occupational epidemiology, questionnaires are commonly used to collect exposure data, largely because they are simple and cost‐efficient [Nieuwenhuijsen, 2005; Perry et al, 2006]. Although other qualitative and quantitative (e.g., biomonitoring) methods for data gathering exist, questionnaire surveys are a major tool and a number of validation studies have been conducted to investigate their reliability and accuracy [Kleinman et al, 1986; Kromhout et al, 1987; Hertzman et al, 1988; Teschke et al, 1989, 2000; Owen et al, 1992; Stewart and Stewart, 1994a; Hammond et al, 1995; Benke et al, 1997; Calvert et al, 1997; Bauer et al, 1999; Tielemans et al, 1999; Quinn et al, 2001]. These include agreement analyses, such as those conducted between self‐reported exposures, expert assessments, and urine metabolites, as a result of dermal exposures to chemical hazards [Perry et al, 2006; Sembajwe, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A related factor in the accuracy of self‐reported exposures is employee awareness of the chemicals with which they work and familiarity with the industrial or conventional names for substances (such as stainless steel) rather than specific chemical compound names (such as chromium) [Hawkins and Evans, 1989; Wiktorin et al, 1996; Calvert et al, 1997; Washington State, 2000]. Validation of self‐assessment of occupational exposures has been conducted elsewhere [Kleinman et al, 1986; Kromhout et al, 1987; Hertzman et al, 1988; Teschke et al, 1989, 2000; Owen et al, 1992; Stewart and Stewart, 1994a,b; Hammond et al, 1995; Fritschi et al, 1996; Benke et al, 1997; Siemiatycki et al, 1997; Bauer et al, 1999; Tielemans et al, 1999; Hu et al, 2002; Nieuwenhuijsen, 2005; Perry et al, 2006]. In particular, comparisons between self‐assessments and expert ratings of exposures have been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histology of plastic embedded amphibian embryos and larvae

Kurth

Weiche

Vorkel

et al. 2011

Genesis

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Summary: Amphibians including the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, its close relative Xenopus tropicalis, and the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) are important vertebrate models for cell biology, development, and regeneration. For the analysis of embryos and larva with altered gene expression in gainof-function or loss-of-function studies histology is increasingly important. Here, we discuss plastic or resin embedding of embryos as valuable alternatives to conventional paraffin embedding. For example, microwaveassisted tissue processing, combined with embedding in the glycol methacrylate Technovit 7100, is a fast, simple, and reliable method to obtain state-of-the-art histology with high resolution of cellular details in less than a day. Microwave-processed samples embedded in Epon 812 are also useful for transmission electron microscopy. Finally, Technovit-embedded samples are well suited for serial section analysis of embryos labeled either by whole-mount immunofluorescence, or with tracers such as GFP or fluorescent dextrans. Therefore, plastic embedding offers a versatile alternative to paraffin embedding for routine histology and immunocytochemistry of amphibian embryos. genesis 50:235-250, 2012. V V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histology of plastic embedded amphibian embryos and larvae

Kurth

Weiche

Vorkel

et al. 2011

Genesis

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“…Por otra parte, varios grupos de trabajadores dedicados al tratamiento de madera, agricultores y aplicadores de plaguicidas presentaron un aumento significativo en la incidencia de infecciones (Kleinman et al, 1986;Mcchonnachie y Zahalsky, 1991) y deficiencia renal causada por la exposición crónica a PCP (Begley et al, 1977).…”

Section: Toxicidad a Largo Plazounclassified

Pentaclorofenol: toxicología y riesgos para el ambiente

Morales

Pazos

2016

MYB

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El pentaclorofenol (PCP) y su sal sódica, el pentaclorofenato de sodio (NaPCP), son hidrocarburos halogenados de amplio espectro de toxicidad, muy persistentes, usados para la preservación de la madera contra hongos, bacterias e insectos. El PCP y el NaPCP son sustancias de alta toxicidad aguda para humanos que aumenta por la presencia de impurezas como las clorodibenzodioxinas y los clorodibenzofuranos. El PCP tiene graves efectos a largo plazo: es mutágeno, causa alteraciones en los sistemas inmunológico y endocrino, aumenta la susceptibilidad a infecciones y altera las funciones reproductivas. Existen numerosos estudios sobre los efectos adversos de estas sustancias en la salud humana y de los ecosistemas causados por su toxicidad, persistencia, capacidad de bioacumulación y por la toxicidad de sus impurezas. Estos estudios son la base técnica para que el PCP y sus derivados estén severamente restringidos o totalmente prohibidos en numerosos países. En México, el PCP está autorizado para usos forestal, urbano e industrial como preservador de madera; su venta debe estar restringida y su aplicación y manejo deben hacerse bajo la responsabilidad de un técnico autorizado. Existe mucha desinformación entre la población acerca de los riesgos que representa para la salud y el ambiente, el manejo inadecuado de estas sustancias y de sus residuos, por lo que este trabajo pretende difundir la información técnica que existe sobre este tema y recomendar la aplicación de las normas y regulaciones nacionales e internacionales aplicables al manejo de esta sustancia.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that exposure to commercial PCP can produce chloracne (4,(8)(9)(10)17,18). Some studies have observed irritant effects on the eyes and upper respiratory tract (4,16), peripheral sensory neuropathy (5,10), reversible renal impairment (12), decreased bilirubin (8,11), increased serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) (6), increased urinary excretion of porphyrins (10), decreased hematocrit and white blood cell count (15), and increased frequency of chromosome alterations in lymphocytes (7').…”

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confidence: 99%

A morbidity study of former pentachlorophenol-production workers.

Hryhorczuk

Wallace

Persky

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide that was once widely used for wood preservation. Commercial PCP contained impurities including higher chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs). We investigated the effects of occupational exposure to PCP and its CDD and CDF contaminants on the skin, liver, porphyrin metabolism, and central and peripheral nervous systems. In 1986 we conducted a medical survey of 366 workers who had been engaged in the production of PCP at a single plant between 1938 and 1978. The referent group consisted of 303 workers from the same plant who were not exposed to these or related compounds. Exposure was determined from computerized personnel records. The medical survey included an administered questionnaire, medical record review, physical examination by dermatologists, internists, and neurologists, and analysis of 24-hr urine for quantitative porphyrins among other tests. In this paper we present the results of analyses of the general health, chloracne, and porphyrin metabolism end points. The general health status of PCP workers was similar to unexposed workers, but 17.8% of PCP workers had evidence of current or past chloracne. PCP workers with chloracne had significantly higher mean urinary excretion of coproporphyrins (117. 0 vs. 90.6 microg/24 hr) than unexposed workers after controlling for potential confounders. Workers with chloracne who had worked with both PCP and polychlorinated biphenyls had significantly higher mean urinary excretions of hepta-, penta-, and coproporphyrins than unexposed workers. We conclude that occupational exposure to PCP is associated with chloracne and biochemical abnormalities which may persist years after exposure.

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Industrial Hygiene, Chemical and Biological Assessments of Exposures to a Chlorinated Phenolic Sapstain Control Agent

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Histology of plastic embedded amphibian embryos and larvae

Histology of plastic embedded amphibian embryos and larvae

Pentaclorofenol: toxicología y riesgos para el ambiente

A morbidity study of former pentachlorophenol-production workers.

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