Industrial Hemp—an Old but Versatile Bast Fiber Crop

Zhao, Xinlin; Wei, Xiuye; Guo, Yuan; Qiu, Caisheng; Long, Songhua; Wang, Yufu; Qiu, Husen

doi:10.1080/15440478.2021.1907834

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Two parts of the hemp plant can be utilized for fibre production -the bast (bark) and the hurd (shive) [12]. Following the same principles as other regenerated cellulosic fibre production steps [6], bast is removed from hurd via chemical retting and decortication which breaks down lignin and pectin for easier processing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lyocell fibre from Alberta-grown hemp

Degenstein¹,

King²,

Lawson³

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Lyocell is a man-made, regenerated cellulosic fibre developed through cellulose dissolution in non-derivative solvents. Hemp offers a preferential source of cellulose for lyocell production as it is considered an environmentally friendly agricultural crop, requiring less water, fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides than other crops and sequesters carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. There are currently no Canadian sources of domestically manufactured lyocell filament or staple fibres. Our goal is to manufacture 100% lyocell fibre and to demonstrate techniques for pulping and solution-spinning hemp-based lyocell fibre. Utilizing both the bast and hurd of the hemp plant allows for the creation of many different fibre densities with varying properties while contributing to whole plant utilization and Canadian industry creation and expansion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lyocell fibre from Alberta-grown hemp

Degenstein¹,

King²,

Lawson³

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…About 1.1 million tons of fibers are produced annually from growing flax, of which 97.1% are from Europe [19]. Due to the legislative approval and increasing interest in cannabidiol, hemp cultivation in the United States has also increased enormously since 2018 [20]. Only in 2019, about 3.4 million tons of jute and 0.2 million tons of sisal were produced worldwide [19].…”

Section: Categories Of Different Alternative Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Materials from Agro-Industry for Wood Panel Manufacturing—A Review

Neitzel

Hosseinpourpia

Walther³

et al. 2022

Materials

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The growing demand for wood-based panels for buildings and furniture and the increasing worldwide concern for reducing the pressure on forest resources require alternatives to wood raw materials. The agricultural industry not only can provide raw materials from non-wood plants but also numerous residues and side streams. This review supplies an overview of the availability, chemical composition, and fiber characteristics of non-wood lignocellulosic materials and agricultural residues, i.e., grow care residues, harvest residues, and process residues, and their relevance for use in wood panel manufacturing. During the crop harvest, there are millions of tons of residues in the form of stalks, among other things. Usually, these are only available seasonally without using storage capacity. Process residues, on the other hand, can be taken from ongoing production and processed further. Fiber characteristics and chemical composition affect the panel properties. Alternatives to wood with long fibers and high cellulose content offer sufficient mechanical strength in different panel types. In general, the addition of wood substitutes up to approximately 30% provides panels with the required strength properties. However, other parameters must be considered, such as pressing temperature, adhesive type, press levels, and pretreatments of the raw material. The search for new raw materials for wood panels should focus on availability throughout the year, the corresponding chemical requirements and market competition. Panel type and production process can be adapted to different raw materials to fit niche products.

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“…Currently, due to the return to the trend of manufacturing industrial products using natural raw materials, there is increased interest in the cultivation of fibre plants, including industrial hemp (IH) (Pal and Lucia 2019) [30]. Raw materials obtained from IH can be used for the production of: textiles, haberdashery, and footware [4,[31][32][33][34]; building materials [33,[35][36][37]; composites (e.g., car parts) [33,35,38,39]; energy, heat, and fuel [40]; food (oil, flakes, margarine); cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [33,[41][42][43][44][45]; paints and varnishes [46]; ropes and twines [4]; as well as papermaking pulp and products [4,47,48]. Also mentioned is the possibility of using IH for removing heavy metals from soils contaminated by industry [34,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raw materials obtained from IH can be used for the production of: textiles, haberdashery, and footware [4,[31][32][33][34]; building materials [33,[35][36][37]; composites (e.g., car parts) [33,35,38,39]; energy, heat, and fuel [40]; food (oil, flakes, margarine); cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [33,[41][42][43][44][45]; paints and varnishes [46]; ropes and twines [4]; as well as papermaking pulp and products [4,47,48]. Also mentioned is the possibility of using IH for removing heavy metals from soils contaminated by industry [34,49]. An incentive to increase IH cultivation and processing is also the establishment of subsidies for its cultivation in the EU, as well as research programs financed from European funds and European Union countries' own resources [24,[50][51][52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Czapluk and Czerniak [46], in Poland, 82% of farmers' income from IH cultivation came from dried inflorescences, 13% from seeds, 3% from bast fibres, and 2% from IH straw. The seeds can be sold, used for sowing IH in the next year, or processed into food raw materials like oil, flour, and protein powder, while inflorescences serve as a source of active substances that are then used to make pharmaceuticals, parapharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and cosmetics [33,34,42,43,53]. Burczyk et al [43], claim that the amount of inflorescences that can be collected per ha of IH cultivation depends on the sowing density and harvesting period and is usually 1-4 tons, while the seed yield is about 1-1.5 tons per ha of cultivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Industrial Hemp as a Potential Fibrous Raw Material for European Kraft Pulp Mills (EKPM) – A Review

Danielewicz

2023

Preprint

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The issue of suitability of industrial hemp (IH) for large-scale European pulp mills, referred to in this study as EKPM mills, was discussed, taking into account the causal, cultivation, technological, and application aspects of this issue. The work showed that there are premises for the use of non-wood fibrous raw materials (NFRM) in these mills. As for the IH, it was found that IH stalks are the best IH FRM for EKMP. There are few cultivation factors (CF) favouring the use of IH stalks in them and few, though important (e.g., small cultivation areas), factors not conducive to this use. Most of the technological factors (TF) favour the use of IH in EKPM, apart from the large differences in the length of the IH bast and woody-core fibres. The analysis of application factors (AF) indicates lower usefulness of IH than wheat/rye/triticale straws, Miscanthus giganteus, Virginia mallow, and kenaf due to the much greater availability of these cereal straws than IH and less variation in fibre length of cereal straw, Miscanthus giganteus, Virginia mallow, and kenaf than in IH stalks. The presence of IH variety/ies with fibre lengths more similar to wood would reduce the number of TF and AF factors unfavourable to their use in EKPM.

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Industrial Hemp—an Old but Versatile Bast Fiber Crop

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Novel lyocell fibre from Alberta-grown hemp

Novel lyocell fibre from Alberta-grown hemp

Alternative Materials from Agro-Industry for Wood Panel Manufacturing—A Review

Industrial Hemp as a Potential Fibrous Raw Material for European Kraft Pulp Mills (EKPM) – A Review

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