Alternative Materials from Agro-Industry for Wood Panel Manufacturing—A Review

Abstract

The growing demand for wood-based panels for buildings and furniture and the increasing worldwide concern for reducing the pressure on forest resources require alternatives to wood raw materials. The agricultural industry not only can provide raw materials from non-wood plants but also numerous residues and side streams. This review supplies an overview of the availability, chemical composition, and fiber characteristics of non-wood lignocellulosic materials and agricultural residues, i.e., grow care residues, harvest residues, and process residues, and their relevance for use in wood panel manufacturing. During the crop harvest, there are millions of tons of residues in the form of stalks, among other things. Usually, these are only available seasonally without using storage capacity. Process residues, on the other hand, can be taken from ongoing production and processed further. Fiber characteristics and chemical composition affect the panel properties. Alternatives to wood with long fibers and high cellulose content offer sufficient mechanical strength in different panel types. In general, the addition of wood substitutes up to approximately 30% provides panels with the required strength properties. However, other parameters must be considered, such as pressing temperature, adhesive type, press levels, and pretreatments of the raw material. The search for new raw materials for wood panels should focus on availability throughout the year, the corresponding chemical requirements and market competition. Panel type and production process can be adapted to different raw materials to fit niche products.

Sifat Fisik Dan Mekanik Komposit Papan Partikel Berdasarkan Variasi Ukuran Serbuk Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia Macrophylla) Sebagai Material Alternatif : Papan Komposit

“…Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti tentang papan komposit limbah serbuk kayu antara lain Baharoglu et al (2013) yang mengkaji tentang anatomi dan sifat kimia dari serbuk kayu. Selanjutnya Baharoglu et al (2012) melakukan penelitian tentang kadar air dari komposit serbuk kayu serta penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Neitzel et al, (2022) Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai ukuran partikel terbaik pada limbah kayu mahoni dan matrix epoxy untuk menentukan sifat fisik dan mekanik terbaik dari papan komposit yang dapat diaplikasikan berdasarkan standar JIS A 5908(2003).…”

Properties and Emissions of Three-Layer Particleboards Manufactured with Mixtures of Wood Chips and Partially Liquefied Bark

“…The global production of particleboard increased by 61.7% from 64.3 million m 3 in 2000 to 104 million m 3 in 2021, and the growth is expected to continue rising [4]. A large variety of lignocellulose-based resources serve as raw materials, such as wood, natural fibers, forest-based and agro-industrial side-streams and residues, and recycled wood [5][6][7]. Research on particleboards is now focused on finding homogenous non-wood feedstock and bio-based adhesives with low environmental impact [1].…”

Wheat straw-based particleboards with citric acid as adhesive; influence of mat moisture and adhesive content

“…Global wheat production is estimated at about 750 million tons (Mancini et al, 2018). It is stated that for every ton of wheat, about 1.3 to 1.6 tons of straw remain in the eld (Montane et al 1998;Neitzel et al 2022). Thus, It is estimated that at least 975 million tons of wheat straw is available as residue in the elds each year, most of which is burned, negatively impacting global warming potential.…”