Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions

Abstract

A large number of producers offer a wide choice of various types of industrial cooling towers. Usually, a proper choice of pre-fabricated cooling tower satisfies end-user needs. However, if there are specific end-user requirements, it is necessary to design cooling tower according to those requirements. For the adhesive factory located in southern region of Serbia, 350 kW mechanical draught wet cooling tower was designed and built. Dimensioning of the cooling tower was done according to parameters of the ambient air, higher than the standard recommendations given in the literature. In this paper, the reasons for deviation from recommendations are given. The analysis of the cooling tower operation based on real meteorological parameters for 2015 is also shown in this paper. According to this analysis, cooling tower provides required water temperature in any season, and gives opportunity for energy savings in winter, with opportunity for heat capacity enlargement if production capacity is raised as it is planned in the factory.

Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system

“…• Estimation of the technical performance of present equipment and an analysis of the opportunities to improve their efficiency • Improving the maintenance procedures • Implementing new proven technology in the current energy system • Increase capacity of the existing cooling tower • Install a new tower The effect of climatic changes is shown to be important in the design of more effective cooling technique and to device methods to compensate for the loss in plant efficiency. 4 Lakovie et al 5 showed that dimensioning a cooling tower according to ambient air parameters that are higher than current standard recommendations ensures required cooling water temperature for efficient plant operation and gives experimental confirmation for this statement.…”

Performance characteristics of mechanical draft cooling towers in thermal power plant

“…Thermal effectiveness of cooling tower is expressed as a ratio of cooling range and sum of cooling range and approach. It can also be represented as actual temperature difference of cooling water as it flows through the cooling tower and a maximum theoretical temperature difference [7,8]:…”

“…Effectiveness by eq. (6) Effectiveness by [6] Effectiveness by designed data Air wet bulb temperature by [6] Air wet bulb temperature It is shown that effectiveness of cooling of the water film depends on the ratio of water to air mass-flow rates and decreases while ratio increase [8]. During the measurement, ratio of mass-flow rates was preserved in approximately constant values around 1.064, so this effect was not tested.…”

“…where β xa [kgm -3 h -1 ] is the overall heat and mass transfer coefficient, w a [ms -1 ] -the air velocity calculated for the total section of the empty unit, q [m 3 m -2 h -1 ] -the specific water volumetric flow rate. Empirical coefficients are determined experimentally and have values of A = 635, m = 053, and n = 0.39[8].Another empirical equation for counterflow cooling towers is presented in[4], for computing mass transfer coefficient per meter of fill height h dm where values of all coefficients (a d , b da , and b db ) are determined experimentally for different types of fill. When using values of…”