Industrial Clusters and CSR in Developing Countries: The Role of International Donor Funding

Fayyaz, Anjum; Lund‐Thomsen, Peter; Lindgreen, Adam

doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2940-6

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The spatial clustering of production would suggest, prima facie, that oversight of production and labour standards should have been possible. The participation of households in the production of hand-stitched of footballs, however, added that extra level of opacity that moved oversight over activities in the GVC outside the immediate sphere of knowledge and control of the global brands because they did not inform themselves of the outsourcing arrangements (Chatta, 2016;Fayyaz, Lund-Thomsen & Lindgreen, 2017).…”

Section: Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern slavery in global value chains: A global factory and governance perspective

Caspersz

Cullen

Davis

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Relations

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‘Modern slavery’ describes various forms of severe relational labour exploitation. In the realm of global value chains and global factories that are led by multinational enterprises, modern slavery encompasses practices such as forced labour and debt bondage. Multinational enterprises organise and orchestrate global value chains into global factories that are highly adaptive to market pressures and changes in the external environment. We employ the global factory framework to conceptualise when and how global value chains become more vulnerable to modern slavery. We argue that combinations of the three global value chain characteristics: complexity, appropriation arrangements, and obligation cascadence, jointly form an environment in which modern slavery can evolve and take root. The degree to which forms of modern slavery become visible and recognisable depends on the particular combination of these characteristics. External factors can moderate the relationship between these factors (e.g. involvement of non-governmental organisations) or exaggerate their effect (e.g. a pandemic).

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Section: Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern slavery in global value chains: A global factory and governance perspective

Caspersz

Cullen

Davis

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Relations

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“…More research is needed to explore the premise of the nested-cluster model and the cluster approach overall (cf. Godin, 2006; Porter, 1998; Fayyaz et al , 2017) to assess and exploit the model fully. This will be done in our forthcoming publications.…”

Section: The Nested Clusters Model For Smart Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescaling and refocusing smart cities research: from mega cities to smart villages

Visvizi

Lytras

2018

JSTPM

211

121

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to rethink the focus of the smart cities debate and to open it to policymaking and strategy considerations. To this end, the origins of what is termed normative bias in smart cities research are identified and a case made for a holistic, scalable and human-centred smart cities research agenda. Applicable across the micro, mezzo and macro levels of the context in which smart cities develop, this research agenda remains sensitive to the limitations and enablers inherent in these contexts. Policymaking and strategy consideration are incorporated in the agenda this paper advances, thus creating the prospect of bridging the normative and the empirical in smart cities research. Design/methodology/approach This paper queries the smart cities debate and, by reference to megacities research, argues that the smart city remains an overly normatively laden concept frequently discussed in separation from the broader socio-political and economic contexts in which it is embedded. By focusing on what is termed the normative bias of smart cities research, this paper introduces the nested clusters model. By advocating the inclusion of policymaking and strategy considerations in the smart cities debate, a case is made for a holistic, scalable and human-centred smart cities agenda focused, on the one hand, on individuals and citizens inhabiting smart cities and, on the other hand, on interdependencies that unfold between a given smart city and the context in which it is embedded. Findings This paper delineates the research focus and scope of the megacities and smart cities debates respectively. It locates the origins of normative bias inherent in smart cities research and, by making a case for holistic, scalable and human-centred smart cities research, suggests ways of bypassing that bias. It is argued that smart cities research has the potential of contributing to research on megacities (smart megacities and clusters), cities (smart cities) and villages (smart villages). The notions of policymaking and strategy, and ultimately of governance, are brought into the spotlight. Against this backdrop, it is argued that smart cities research needs to be based on real tangible experiences of individuals inhabiting rural and urban space and that it also needs to mirror and feed into policy-design and policymaking processes. Research limitations/implications The paper stresses the need to explore the question of how the specific contexts in which cities/urban areas are located influence those cities/urban areas’ growth and development strategies. It also postulates new avenues of inter and multidisciplinary research geared toward building bridges between the normative and the empirical in the smart cities debate. More research is needed to advance these imperatives at the micro, mezzo and macro levels. Practical implications By highlighting the connection, relatively under-represented in the literature, between the normative and the empirical in smart cities research, this paper encourages a more structured debate between academia and policymakers focused on the sustainable development of cities/urban areas. In doing so, it also advocates policies and strategies conducive to strengthening individuals’/citizens’ ability to benefit from and contribute to smart cities development, thereby making them sustainable. Social implications This paper makes a case for pragmatic and demand-driven smart cities research, i.e. based on the frequently very basic needs of individuals and citizens inhabiting not only urban but also rural areas. It highlights the role of basic infrastructure as the key enabler/inhibitor of information and communication technology-enhanced services. The nested clusters model introduced in this paper suggests that an intimate connection exists between individuals’ well-being, their active civic engagement and smart cities sustainability. Originality/value This paper delineates the relationship between megacities and smart cities research. It identifies the sources of what is termed normative bias in smart cities research. To address the implications of that bias, a nested clusters model for smart cities is introduced, i.e. a conceptual framework that allows us to redraw the debate on smart cities and establish a functional connection between the array of normatively laden ideas of what a smart city could be and what is feasible, and under which conditions at the policymaking level.

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“…Stakeholder theory defines the relationship of different stakeholders (e.g. ; shareholders, customers, suppliers, creditors, civil society, media, and government) with the organisation (Freeman 1984). Different stakeholders are considered the most powerful resources of the organisation as they influence the decision process.…”

Section: Stakeholder Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

An emerging economy perspective on corporate sustainability reporting – main actors’ views on the current state of affairs in Pakistan

Mahmood¹,

Kouser²,

Masud

2019

AJSSR

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the main actors' views on the current state of sustainability reporting in a developing country context. This qualitative study is based on the interviews of 20 individuals and organizations from Pakistan who were identified as main actors involved in the practice of sustainability reporting. This paper draws on the arguments of multiple theoretical frameworks, including legitimacy theory, stakeholders' theory, institutional theory, political cost theory, and signalling theory. Following a semi-structured interview protocol, main actors were asked to share their views on the drivers and barriers of sustainability reporting, sufficiency and suitability of sustainability-related regulation and standards, perceived benefits of sustainability reporting, level of stakeholder engagement and transparency. Interviews were then analysed to compare the viewpoints of different stakeholder groups on various issues. This paper concludes that, like other emerging and developing economies, the practice of sustainability reporting is largely driven by the external forces. Foreign buyers, international professional associations and standard-setting organizations are playing a pivotal role in the emergence and development of sustainability reporting. Sustainability reporting awards also played an important role as they provide the normative basis and intangible benefits for reporting. Despite these external forces driving the emergence and development of SR in Pakistan, the structural and cultural conditions that exist in the societal context of Pakistan significantly impact the disclosure practices and organizational rationales for SR. In particular, weak government structures, lack of awareness and interest in sustainability matters, lack of regulation, lack of enforcement capabilities, lack of a political will has been identified as the main barriers of SR. The paper explores the perceptions of both managerial and non-managerial stakeholders regarding the current state of sustainability reporting in Pakistan.

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Industrial Clusters and CSR in Developing Countries: The Role of International Donor Funding

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Modern slavery in global value chains: A global factory and governance perspective

Modern slavery in global value chains: A global factory and governance perspective

Rescaling and refocusing smart cities research: from mega cities to smart villages

An emerging economy perspective on corporate sustainability reporting – main actors’ views on the current state of affairs in Pakistan

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