Industrial applications of immobilized biocatalysts

Brodelius, Peter E.

doi:10.1007/bfb0004472

Cited by 50 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The application of immobilized papain to the production of chillproofed beer was reviewed by Brodelius. 124 Immobilized pepsin and rennin have been used to coagulate milk. "* Alpha-galactosidase entrapped in polyacrylamide gel has been reported for the degradation of raffinose and stachyose in soybean milk.…”

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Modification of plant proteins by immobilized proteases

Lee

Lopez

1984

C R C Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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A potential application of plant proteins could be a replacement of animal proteins now in use in the food industry on the basis of certain specific functional properties plant proteins have. Modification of the chemical structure of selected plant proteins is needed to replace more expensive animal proteins as food ingredients that have specific functional characteristics. Structure modification may be achieved by physical, chemical, or microbiological methods, or by a combination of these. Immobilized enzyme techniques offer significant advantages for protein modification. Knowledge of the molecular properties of plant proteins is essential to understand the basis of protein functionality, to modify proteins so that they acquire desirable functional properties, and to predict potential applications of modified plant proteins. This paper reviews all the above mentioned aspects of plant protein chemistry and potential utilization.

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confidence: 99%

Modification of plant proteins by immobilized proteases

Lee

Lopez

1984

C R C Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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“…In the neutralizing system of acid mine water, the bacteria work as a biocatalyst to oxidize ferrous to ferric iron in the water; next, the ferric iron formed is neutralized by the addition of calcium carbonate (9). At the step of iron oxidation in such a system, a high density of cells of iron-oxidizing bacteria is essential for rapid iron oxidation.Immobilization technology of various kinds of enzymes and cells has rapidly developed and been used as an effective biocatalyst for various applications (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)8). Immobilization of whole cells is characterized by stable maintenance of an extremely high density of living cells in and/or on the immobilized gel matrices.…”

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“…Immobilization technology of various kinds of enzymes and cells has rapidly developed and been used as an effective biocatalyst for various applications (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)8). Immobilization of whole cells is characterized by stable maintenance of an extremely high density of living cells in and/or on the immobilized gel matrices.…”

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Immobilization of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans using various polymers as matrix.

Wakao

Endo

Mino

et al. 1994

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The cells of acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) were immobilized using five kinds of polymers (photo-crosslinkable resin, agar, calcium alginate, ic-carrageenan, and gelrite) as gel matrix, and the characteristics of cell immobilization were revealed. Among these gels, gelrite showed promise for application in iron oxidation under strongly acidic conditions. In continuous cultures of iron-oxidizing bacteria immobilized in gelrite beads, a steady state of strong iron oxidation was maintained for a month. The thick layer of iron-oxide precipitates was formed around reddish-brown "activated beads" that harbored a large number of iron-oxidizing bacteria and were the sources of cells living in the liquid phase.Acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) can be applied to the improvement of acid mine waters, a serious acid pollutant of the environment, from pyritic mine area (6, 7). In the neutralizing system of acid mine water, the bacteria work as a biocatalyst to oxidize ferrous to ferric iron in the water; next, the ferric iron formed is neutralized by the addition of calcium carbonate (9). At the step of iron oxidation in such a system, a high density of cells of iron-oxidizing bacteria is essential for rapid iron oxidation.Immobilization technology of various kinds of enzymes and cells has rapidly developed and been used as an effective biocatalyst for various applications (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)8). Immobilization of whole cells is characterized by stable maintenance of an extremely high density of living cells in and/or on the immobilized gel matrices. Therefore, immobilized cells are available effectively over a longer period in the systems having a small number of free living cells.Little information exists on the immobilization of iron-oxidizing bacterial cells. In the present study, we tried to assess the potential capacity of some kinds of * Address

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“…With calcium-alginate and PAG-immobilized cells, an overall citric acid production rate of 8.5 g and 12.0 g///day (9.3% and 12% sugar conversion to citric acid per day), respectively was achieved in a single-stage bioreactor. When the PAG-immobilized cells were used in a two-stage bioreactor, approximately 20.0 g citric acid/ l /day (20% sugar conversion to citric acid per day) was produced and the PAG-immobilized cells were continuously used for at least 20 days without any significant loss of productivity.Recently, immobilized biocatalyst technology has rapidly emerged as a novel means to utilize enzymes and whole cells as efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for a multitude of industrial and medical applications (1,4,7,15). Immobilization of living organism is found to be more advantageous than immobilization of enzymes as in situ regeneration of activity is merely by supplementing suitable nutrients (5).…”

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“…Recently, immobilized biocatalyst technology has rapidly emerged as a novel means to utilize enzymes and whole cells as efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for a multitude of industrial and medical applications (1,4,7,15). Immobilization of living organism is found to be more advantageous than immobilization of enzymes as in situ regeneration of activity is merely by supplementing suitable nutrients (5).…”

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Continuous production of citric acid by immobilized whole cells of Aspergillus niger.

Garg

Sharma

1992

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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A process of continuous citric acid production from sugarcane molasses by fermentation with immobilized whole cells of A. niger KCU 520 is described. Both calcium alginate beads and polyacrylamide gel (PAG) slab entrapment methods were used for immobilization of cells. The optimum fermentation conditions for citric acid fermentation by immobilized cells were sugars, 10%; pH, 4.0; inoculum size, 20%, and temperature, 32-35°C. With calcium-alginate and PAG-immobilized cells, an overall citric acid production rate of 8.5 g and 12.0 g///day (9.3% and 12% sugar conversion to citric acid per day), respectively was achieved in a single-stage bioreactor. When the PAG-immobilized cells were used in a two-stage bioreactor, approximately 20.0 g citric acid/ l /day (20% sugar conversion to citric acid per day) was produced and the PAG-immobilized cells were continuously used for at least 20 days without any significant loss of productivity.Recently, immobilized biocatalyst technology has rapidly emerged as a novel means to utilize enzymes and whole cells as efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for a multitude of industrial and medical applications (1,4,7,15). Immobilization of living organism is found to be more advantageous than immobilization of enzymes as in situ regeneration of activity is merely by supplementing suitable nutrients (5). In addition, whole metabolic pathway of microbe or part of it required for the production of a particular compound, can be efficiently used over a longer period under immobilized state.A number of organic acids are produced by moulds, and citric acid is one of the most important metabolic products, now produced almost exclusively by fermentation, using selected strains of A. niger (2,18). Although much work has

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Industrial applications of immobilized biocatalysts

Cited by 50 publications

References 104 publications

Modification of plant proteins by immobilized proteases

Modification of plant proteins by immobilized proteases

Immobilization of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans using various polymers as matrix.

Continuous production of citric acid by immobilized whole cells of Aspergillus niger.

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