Industrial accidents triggered by earthquakes, floods and lightning: lessons learned from a database analysis

Elisabeth, Krausmann; Renni, Elisabetta; Campedel, Michela; Cozzani, Valerio

doi:10.1007/s11069-011-9754-3

Cited by 137 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…If there is insufficient capacity for redundancy, or none at all, even isolated failures can generate cascades that involve other sectors or the whole of society. First, vulnerable equipment and materials such as storage tanks, transportation pipelines and paperwork can be related to the spreading of secondary accidents consequent upon natural hazards (Krausmann et al 2011). Secondly, excessively prolonged service lives, ageing materials and inadequate maintenance can influence the robustness of infrastructure (Little 2002).…”

Section: Critical Infrastructures Interdependencies and Cascadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical infrastructure, panarchies and the vulnerability paths of cascading disasters

2016

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Cascading effects and cascading disasters are emerging fields of scientific research. The widespread diffusion of functional networks increases the complexity of interdependent systems and their vulnerability to large-scale disruptions. Although in recent years studies of interconnections and chain effects have improved significantly, cascading phenomena are often associated with the ''toppling domino metaphor'', or with high-impact, low-probability events. This paper aimed to support a paradigm shift in the state of the art by proposing a new theoretical approach to cascading events in terms of their root causes and lack of predictability. By means of interdisciplinary theory building, we demonstrate how cascades reflect the ways in which panarchies collapse. We suggest that the vulnerability of critical infrastructure may orientate the progress of events in relation to society's feedback loops, rather than merely being an effect of natural triggers. Our conclusions point to a paradigm shift in the preparedness phase that could include escalation points and social nodes, but that also reveals a brand new field of research for disaster scholars.

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Section: Critical Infrastructures Interdependencies and Cascadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical infrastructure, panarchies and the vulnerability paths of cascading disasters

2016

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“…Such conjoint accidents are known as Natechs (Natural-Technological accidents) 1) . Natural triggers such as earthquake 2) ; hurricane 3) ; flood 4) ; and the tsunami of Great East Japan in 2011 5) were documented in previous studies. In their works, they reported the severe consequences of the Natechs and investigated the specific features of scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Household evacuation behavior during a Natech accident

Yu¹,

Hokugo²

2015

gseku.e

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This study analyzed data on household evacuation behavior in terms of departure time, transportation use, and evacuation shelter selection during a Natech accident (natural disaster triggered technological accident) occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on March 11, 2011. The questionnaire survey was conducted to the households within 2.5 km of the Natech accident as a case study. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations for different reasons. We presented and analyzed the distribution of departure time according to respondents' evacuation reasons. Furthermore, we found that proximity to the disaster influenced households' use of transportations, but not the choice of evacuation shelters. Moreover, it is found that the departure time and the transportation use were different among the groups with different age. The findings of this study advanced knowledge concerning when, how and where households evacuated when the Natech accident occurred and can assist emergency managers to develop strategies for protecting people under such conjoint risks.

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“…If industrial sites are located in naturally hazard-prone areas, technological accidents may be triggered by natural happenings, which could generate NaTech disasters (Natural events triggering Technological Disasters). Such accidents can modify and increase the impact and the overall damages in the surrounding areas [56,57,58,59].…”

Section: Cascading and Chemical Escalation: Spolana Plant And Gloucesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascading Events, Technology and the Floods Directive: future challenges

Pescaroli

Nones²

2016

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. Cascading events can be referred to multidimensional disasters, where a primary trigger generates a nonlinear series of secondary emergencies that escalate in time, becoming eventually the priority to tackle. In this process, critical infrastructure can be handled as roots of vulnerabilities, because they accumulate both physical attributes and functional nodes. When compromised, they produce widespread breakdowns of society, but also orient emergency responses and long-term recovery. Although floods have been widely associated to the failure of vulnerable equipments or to the disruption of strategic sectors such as energy, communication and transportation, their integration with the emerging concept of cascading has been limited. This open topic presents many challenges for scholars, researchers and practitioners, in particular when the implementation of the EU Floods Directive is considered. The paper presents an overview of the Floods Directive and its relation with the cascading events, using case studies and examples from the existing literature to point out missing links and gaps in the legislation. Conclusions argue that the Directive considers only local geographical scales and limited temporal horizons, which can be result inadequate to limit the escalation of events.

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Industrial accidents triggered by earthquakes, floods and lightning: lessons learned from a database analysis

Cited by 137 publications

References 20 publications

Critical infrastructure, panarchies and the vulnerability paths of cascading disasters

Critical infrastructure, panarchies and the vulnerability paths of cascading disasters

Household evacuation behavior during a Natech accident

Cascading Events, Technology and the Floods Directive: future challenges

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