Induktives Heizen unter Hochfrequenzbedingungen: Anwendung in der kontinuierlichen Synthese des Neuroleptikums Olanzapin (Zyprexa)

Abstract

Heiße Chemie! Induktives Heizen unter Hochfrequenzbedingungen und Durchflusschemie sind eine ideale Kombination für Hochtemperatursynthesen. Dies konnte in der kontinuierlichen Mehrstufensynthese des Neuroleptikums Olanzapin (Zyprexa) gezeigt werden. Sie umfasst drei Reaktionen mit induktivem Heizen und zwei kontinuierlich betriebene Reinigungsoperationen.

Magnetically Induced Continuous CO2 Hydrogenation Using Composite Iron Carbide Nanoparticles of Exceptionally High Heating Power

“…[10,11] Fora na pplication in energy storage,t he limit between low and high amplitudes can be seen as the deviation from linearity in the curve representing the energy required to produce magnetic fields of given amplitudes.I nt he case of our coils (100 and 300 kHz), it is found near 25 and 30 mT, respectively (details can be found in the Supporting Information). Surprisingly, extended carbidization times (Carb 96 ha nd 140 h) produce ICNPs displaying unprecedented SAR values,e ven at magnetic field amplitudes as low as 20-25 mT.M agnetic field amplitudes in the 20-25 mT range can be easily produced on big volumes (human size for example), and are considered low as compared to what can be found in other articles.…”

“…Proofs of concept of magnetically induced catalysis using magnetically heated catalytic nanoparticles have been obtained in liquid media [8][9][10] and for CO hydrogenation in ac losed vessel. [11] Magnetic induction has also been applied by Sun et al to heat as tainless steel reactor containing ap erovskite catalyst for reforming biogas.…”

“…Surprisingly, extended carbidization times (Carb 96 ha nd 140 h) produce ICNPs displaying unprecedented SAR values,e ven at magnetic field amplitudes as low as 20-25 mT.M agnetic field amplitudes in the 20-25 mT range can be easily produced on big volumes (human size for example), and are considered low as compared to what can be found in other articles. [10,11] Fora na pplication in energy storage,t he limit between low and high amplitudes can be seen as the deviation from linearity in the curve representing the energy required to produce magnetic fields of given amplitudes.I nt he case of our coils (100 and 300 kHz), it is found near 25 and 30 mT, respectively (details can be found in the Supporting Information). Carbidizations longer that 140 hd on ot lead to any further changes in the SAR value.T he measured SAR value for Carb 140 h(3200 Wg À1 at 47 mT,100 kHz) corresponds to ah ysteresis area A = 32 mJ g À1 ,w hich is by far the highest value ever reported in the literature,and close to the maximal achievable theoretical hysteresis area under these conditions…”

Lessons from the Synthetic Chemist Nature

“…The catalyst's special feature is associated with the fact that Scheme 21 Ley's total synthesis of the methyl ester of spirangien A (90). 53 it can be applied for the hydrogenation of non functionalised alkenes without the need of additional polar coordinating sites. 55 In the following, the protecting group was switched to an acetonide and all reagents and byproducts were removed from product 92 by pumping the reaction mixture through a cartridge of polymer supported benzylamine and basic alumina oxide.…”

Oxidations of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols under Inductively‐Heated Flow Conditions with Gold‐Doped Superparamagnetic Nanostructured Particles as Catalyst and Oxygen as Oxidant

“…[27] These studies also included the synthesis of the clinical drugs olanzapine and amitryptilin. [28] We showed that many endothermic reactions, such as transesterifications, condensations, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, and Wittig olefinations can be conducted continuously using inductive heating. [27] Here, we report on the development of a catalytic flow process for the oxidation of alcohols using molecular oxygen as the stoichiometric oxidant.…”