Induksi Kalus Piper retrofractum Vahl. dengan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Auksin dan Sitokinin

Abstract

ABSTRAK Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) dikenal sebagai tanaman hias dan tanaman obat. Metabolit sekunder pada tanaman ini adalah piperin, saponin, kavisin dan minyak atsiri. Metabolit sekunder tersebut dapat diisolasi dari bahan tanaman atau kalus hasil kultur jaringan tanaman. Pada metode kultur jaringan tanaman untuk menginduksi kalus diperlukan media dengan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh yang tepat untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) dan 6-Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) yang paling baik untuk induksi kalus P. retrofractum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 17 perlakuan yang terdiri atas 16 perlakuan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh dan 1 perlakuan kontrol, Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 6 ulangan. Eksplan daun P. retrofractum ditumbuhkan pada medium Murashige dan Skoog padat ditambah dengan zat pengatur tumbuh dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2 mg/L. Data yang diperoleh berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif meliputi lama waktu induksi kalus, persentase eksplan membentuk kalus, berat segar kalus dan berat kering kalus, dianalisis secara statistik dengan SPSS. Data kualitatif meliputi warna dan tekstur kalus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zat pengatur tumbuh NAA dan BAP berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan daun P. retrofractum. Penambahan kombinasi konsentrasi NAA 0,5 mg/L dan BAP 0,5 mg/L menunjukkan respon terbentuknya kalus paling cepat yaitu 11,5 hari. Penambahan kombinasi konsentrasi NAA 1 mg/L dan BAP 0,5 mg/L menghasilkan berat segar terbaik yaitu 70,6 mg, sedangkan pada kombinasi konsentrasi NAA 1 mg/L dan BAP 2 mg/L menghasilkan berat kering terbaik yaitu 18 mg. Warna kalus adalah putih dan putih kecokelatan dengan tekstur friabel dan kompak.Kata kunci: BAP, induksi kalus, NAA, Piper retrofractum Vahl.ABSTRACT Chili Java (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is known as ornamental plants and medicinal plants. Secondary metabolites in this plant are piperin, saponin, kavisin and essential oils. Secondary metabolites can be isolated from plant material or callus from plant tissue culture. In plant tissue culture method to induce callus required media with the growth regulator concentration to get optimal result. The aim of this research is to know the effect of the combination of growth regulator of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 6-Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) which is best for the induction of P. retrofractum callus. The type of this study was laboratory experimental. The study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with 17 treatments consisting of 16 treatment combinations of growth regulators and 1 control treatment. Each treatment consisted of 6 replications. P. retrofractum leaf eksplan grown on Murashige and Skoog solid medium coupled with growth regulator substances with respective concentrations of 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 mg / L. The data obtained in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data include duration of callus induction, percentage of callus form explants, fresh callus weight and dry weight of callus, analyzed statistically with SPSS. Qualitative data include callus color and texture. The results showed that NAA and BAP growth regulator effect on growth of P. retrofractum leaf eksplan. The addition of a combination of NAA concentration of 0.5 mg / L and BAP 0.5 mg / L showed the fastest callus formation response of 11.5 days. The combination of NAA concentration of 1 mg / L and BAP 0,5 mg / L resulted in the best fresh weight of 70.6 mg, while in combination NAA concentration 1 mg / L and BAP 2 mg / L yielded the best dry weight of 18 mg. Callus color is white and white with a friable and compact texture.Keywords:BAP, callus induction, NAA, Piper retrofractum Vahl

Callus formation of Coffea canephora induced with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tomato extract supplements

“…The decrease in IAA levels is assumed to be related to the ability of 2,4-D to stimulate the conjugation of endogenous IAA with aspartate, as well as a decrease in the YUC gene, which is significant in determining IAA levels (Islam, 2015;Takato et al, 2017). The low level of auxin might cause problem as the appropriate ratio of auxin and cytokinin hormones is necessary for promoting callus induction and somatic cell differentiation (Baday, 2018;Junairiah et al, 2018;Rismayanti & Nafi'ah, 2021;Arimarsetiowati et al, 2022).…”

“…Different callus induction times may occur due to different effectivity of the growth regulators and the coffee varieties. Additionally, differences in callus induction time can be caused by dissimilarities in cell sensitivity to exogenous PGRs and different cell division times due to different cell cycles (Junairiah et al, 2018).…”

“…Enzyme activation by H + ions causes the breaking of the cellulose hydrogen crosslinks that comprise the cell wall, leading to cell elongation and water absorption (Ulva et al, 2019). The intact cell wall matrix will be rearranged during cell growth, affecting cell weight (Junairiah et al, 2018). Meanwhile, cytokinin is vital in conducting dedifferentiation and morphogenetic development (Asghar et al, 2022).…”

“…The compact callus is composed of dense cells that are difficult to separate. The denseness of the cells in a compact callus reduces its ability to absorb the nutrients required for its growth (Junairiah et al, 2018). Although unsuitable for plant propagation, a callus with a compact texture is reported to be more capable of accumulating secondary metabolites than a friable callus (Ulva et al, 2019).…”