Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: insights through computer modeling

Bogaerts, Annemie; Aghaei, Maryam

doi:10.1039/c6ja00408c

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Ion-induced heterogenous nucleation can increase the effective supersaturation level, leading to an energetically favored nucleation path 60 . However, the volume averaged number density of the ions account for only 0.02% of the total number of atoms in thermal plasmas including ICPs 58 , 61 , 62 . This value would be even smaller at atmospheric pressures (due to rapid thermalization by increased number of collisions) 63 , 64 and downstream of the ICP where FeO and Al 2 O 3 nucleation occurs (T ~ 2500 K).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Phase Chemical Evolution of Uranium, Aluminum, and Iron Oxides

Köroğlu

Wagnon

Dai

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We use a recently developed plasma-flow reactor to experimentally investigate the formation of oxide nanoparticles from gas phase metal atoms during oxidation, homogeneous nucleation, condensation, and agglomeration processes. Gas phase uranium, aluminum, and iron atoms were cooled from 5000 K to 1000 K over short-time scales (∆t < 30 ms) at atmospheric pressures in the presence of excess oxygen. In-situ emission spectroscopy is used to measure the variation in monoxide/atomic emission intensity ratios as a function of temperature and oxygen fugacity. Condensed oxide nanoparticles are collected inside the reactor for ex-situ analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) to determine their structural compositions and sizes. A chemical kinetics model is also developed to describe the gas phase reactions of iron and aluminum metals. The resulting sizes and forms of the crystalline nanoparticles (FeO-wustite, eta-Al2O3, UO2, and alpha-UO3) depend on the thermodynamic properties, kinetically-limited gas phase chemical reactions, and local redox conditions. This work shows the nucleation and growth of metal oxide particles in rapidly-cooling gas is closely coupled to the kinetically-controlled chemical pathways for vapor-phase oxide formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Phase Chemical Evolution of Uranium, Aluminum, and Iron Oxides

Köroğlu

Wagnon

Dai

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Computer modeling is very helpful to obtain a better understanding of the plasma characteristics, gas flow dynamics, and material transport in the ICP [22]. Many research groups focus on studying the ICP mechanism, and the effect of operating parameters based on a computer-assisted simulation, which has also been frequently reported.…”

Section: Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated and Experimental Study of Single Particle Measurement Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Gong¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

JAMP

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A droplet carrying particle is desolvation, vaporization, ionization, and diffusion in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to form a cloud of ions. It then is detected as a mass-spectrum peak of individual particle. The diameter of the particle is derived from its mass, which is calibrated using the peak area. This is the basic principle of measuring single particles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this paper, a mathematical model describing single particles in plasma is investigated. This makes it possible to investigate the process and contributing factors of single particles measurement by ICP-MS. A series of processes are investigated, which include increasing the droplet temperature to the boiling point, desolvation of the droplets, increasing the particle temperature to the melting point, the particles are melted from a solid to the liquid, increasing the particle temperature to the boiling point, and particle vaporization. The simulation shows that both the atomic (ion) diffusion in the plasma and the incomplete vaporization of the particles are two important factors that limit the signal intensity of the particle's mass spectrum. The experiment reveals that ICP-MS is very linear for Ag nanoparticles below 100 nm and SiO 2 particles below 1000 nm. Both the simulation and experiment reveal the measurement deviation for large particles and that an increase of sampling depth can extend the diffusion time and cause signal suppression. The model can be used to study the mechanisms of monodispersed droplet or single-particle mass spectrometry, analyze the contributing parameters for single particle measurements by ICP-MS and provide a theoretical base for the optimization of single particle measurements in the practical application, such as nanoparticle devices, magnetic materials, biomedical materials additives and consumer products.

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“…This phenomenon has already been observed when comparing SPICPMS with other techniques 36 . It is difficult yet to ascribe the origin of this systematic effect but to the multiplicity of nanoparticle trajectories 37 and spatially varying temperatures conditions in the plasma which are all parameters that may degrade the accuracy.…”

Section: Size Distribution Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to Accurate Spherical Gold Nanoparticle Size Determination by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry: A Comparison with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

et al. 2018

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Small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) is the method of choice for nanoparticle diameter and concentration determination. On the one hand, it is metrologically traceable for spherical nanoparticle mean diameter determination and does not require any sample preparation or calibration. On the other hand, single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (SPICPMS) is still under development and requires involved process clarification and accuracy improvement. The strategy of this study is the comparison of the two techniques to study comprehensively SPICPMS performance and observe phenomena otherwise hidden. Six spherical gold nanoparticle suspensions distributed over a large size range (30, 50, 60, 80,100, and 150 nm) are studied as calibration points. Potential matrix effects are eliminated by stabilizing nanoparticles with chitosan in HCl. Chitosan encapsulates nanoparticles, stabilizes their dispersion, and protects them from dissolution. Detection counting/analogue threshold and timeout appear as the relevant parameters for transient signals. They show an influence not only on mean signal but also on signal distribution. The detection tuning proposed allows to linearly calibrate the nanoparticle distribution signal to cubed diameter over the entire range studied with no sensitivity diminution. Comparing the three classical transport efficiency methods, size transport efficiency is shown as the most accurate. The new procedure is validated analyzing three gold nanoparticle suspensions (135, 40, and 50 nm). The results are consistent with SAXS measurements.

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Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: insights through computer modeling

Abstract: We illustrate how modeling can give better insight in ICP-MS, by showing calculated plasma characteristics, gas flow patterns and sample behavior.

Cited by 30 publications

References 134 publications

Gas Phase Chemical Evolution of Uranium, Aluminum, and Iron Oxides

Gas Phase Chemical Evolution of Uranium, Aluminum, and Iron Oxides

Simulated and Experimental Study of Single Particle Measurement Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Contribution to Accurate Spherical Gold Nanoparticle Size Determination by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry: A Comparison with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

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