Inductive Strain Sensor With High Repeatability and Ultra-Low Hysteresis Based on Mechanical Spring

Xing, Zhiguang; Lin, Jingbo; McCoul, David; Zhang, David; Zhao, Jianwen

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3010345

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The decrease in inductance in the low‐strain region (<100%) is consistent with the characteristics of previous spring‐type devices. [ 9,31,49 ] However, the DC resistance remained unchanged up to 400% strain and thereafter increased gradually by ≈5.5% at 640% strain (Figure 4c). The resistance change with stretching is comparable to those of the previous helix‐structured devices (Table S2, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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3D Printed Spring‐Type Electronics with Liquid Metals for Highly Stretchable Conductors and Inductive Strain/Pressure Sensors

Okutani

Yokota

Miyazako

2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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structures in two or three dimensions. This method enables the stretching of hard and non-stretchable materials (such as, metals [2,[30][31][32] and plastics [1,4,33] ). Deformable structures, such as serpentine, [2,34] mesh, [29,35] kirigami-shapes, [1,6,36] or helix/spring structures, [26,30,31,[37][38][39][40][41][42] can be fabricated by deposition, [2,35] lift-off, [36] laser cutting, [1,37] pre-stretching, [30,38,39] or molding methods. [40][41][42] In particular, the spring structure is stretchable and resilient, enabling electronic devices to be highly stretchable and durable. [42] In addition to stretchable conductors, [42] accurate strain and bending sensors [9] have been reported using inductance changes in coil structures. Devices with liquid metals have better cyclic electrical characteristics than those with rigid metallic materials such as, copper nanowires [40] and silver nanoparticles. [42] Further, a helix-structured device with a metal wire wrapped around a nylon fiber enabled the estimation of pressure by inductance changes in compression. [43] 3D printers have enabled the fabrication of complex 3D structures with structural deformation [44,45] or internal channels. [9,46,47] They can also utilize soft materials such as, elastomers and gels. Therefore, soft spring-type electronic devices have been developed with combinations of electronic materials as well. [9,47] For example, a spring-type device composed of silicone rubber and liquid metal as the core and shell, respectively, exhibited highly stable electrical characteristics in cyclic deformations. [9] However, achieving the desired deformable properties, such as ≈400% stretchability, is challenging when 3D objects are composed of only soft materials, because the resulting devices cannot maintain their structures owing to self-weight deformation. For instance, a spring structure cannot be maintained without a supporting rod inside the coil owing to the deformation caused by its weight. The presence of the supporting rod limits the extent of stretching because the radius of the coil decreases with stretching. Therefore, spring structures with soft material as the shell and liquid metal as the core have achieved almost 100% stretching. [9] Moreover, the supporting rod disturbs the compression of only the spring section. Hence, sensors that measure pressure based on the deformation of the spring structure have not been realized in soft materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Spring‐Type Electronics with Liquid Metals for Highly Stretchable Conductors and Inductive Strain/Pressure Sensors

Okutani

Yokota

Miyazako

2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Thus, this remains unsolved and can be an active area to direct research efforts in the future. The strain sensors based on variable electrical inductance principle recently got attention due to their high accuracy and low hysteresis (Azami et al, 2019), (Xing et al, 2020). They could represent a step forward in this direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Reconstruction Processes for Interventional Application Devices: State of the Art, Progress, and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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Soft and continuum robots are transforming medical interventions thanks to their flexibility, miniaturization, and multidirectional movement abilities. Although flexibility enables reaching targets in unstructured and dynamic environments, it also creates challenges for control, especially due to interactions with the anatomy. Thus, in recent years lots of efforts have been devoted for the development of shape reconstruction methods, with the advancement of different kinematic models, sensors, and imaging techniques. These methods can increase the performance of the control action as well as provide the tip position of robotic manipulators relative to the anatomy. Each method, however, has its advantages and disadvantages and can be worthwhile in different situations. For example, electromagnetic (EM) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor-based shape reconstruction methods can be used in small-scale robots due to their advantages thanks to miniaturization, fast response, and high sensitivity. Yet, the problem of electromagnetic interference in the case of EM sensors, and poor response to high strains in the case of FBG sensors need to be considered. To help the reader make a suitable choice, this paper presents a review of recent progress on shape reconstruction methods, based on a systematic literature search, excluding pure kinematic models. Methods are classified into two categories. First, sensor-based techniques are presented that discuss the use of various sensors such as FBG, EM, and passive stretchable sensors for reconstructing the shape of the robots. Second, imaging-based methods are discussed that utilize images from different imaging systems such as fluoroscopy, endoscopy cameras, and ultrasound for the shape reconstruction process. The applicability, benefits, and limitations of each method are discussed. Finally, the paper draws some future promising directions for the enhancement of the shape reconstruction methods by discussing open questions and alternative methods.

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“…The undesired dynamic characteristics, such as overshoot and hysteresis, during fast stretching−releasing cycles should also be suppressed. [ 24,30,31 ] Various materials and structures have tried to address these performance issues. [ 18–21 ] However, it is still hard to obtain sensor devices of ideal characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Strain Sensors for Wearable Hand Gesture Recognition: From Devices to Systems

Chen

et al. 2022

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Hand gesture recognition has attracted extensive research interest, as an essential approach for human−machine interaction. The development of flexible strain sensors offers the possibility of directly measuring the finger motion behaviors for accurate and cost‐effective hand gesture recognition, by placing the sensors on the fingers or integrating them on data gloves. Herein, the operation mechanisms of various flexible strain sensor designs are introduced first. Progresses on related materials and device structures to achieve the demanded figure of merits for flexible strain sensors are then reviewed. In addition to continuous performance optimization of the flexible strain sensor devices, the development of system‐level algorithms is shown to be important for not only recognition functions but also for suppression of nonidealities of the sensor devices, which are difficult to be addressed at device and material level.

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Inductive Strain Sensor With High Repeatability and Ultra-Low Hysteresis Based on Mechanical Spring

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

3D Printed Spring‐Type Electronics with Liquid Metals for Highly Stretchable Conductors and Inductive Strain/Pressure Sensors

3D Printed Spring‐Type Electronics with Liquid Metals for Highly Stretchable Conductors and Inductive Strain/Pressure Sensors

Shape Reconstruction Processes for Interventional Application Devices: State of the Art, Progress, and Future Directions

Flexible Strain Sensors for Wearable Hand Gesture Recognition: From Devices to Systems

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