Inductive Materials for Regenerative Engineering

Abstract

Regenerative engineering has pioneered several novel biomaterials to treat critical-sized bone injuries. However, despite significant improvement in synthetic materials research, some limitations still exist. The constraints correlated with the current grafting methods signify a treatment paradigm shift to osteoinductive regenerative engineering approaches. Because of their intrinsic potential, inductive biomaterials may represent alternative approaches to treating critical bone injuries. Osteoinductive scaffolds stimulate stem cell differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage, enhancing bone regeneration. Inductive biomaterials comprise polymers, calcium phosphate ceramics, metals, and graphene family materials. This review will assess the cellular behavior toward properties of inductive materials.

Biomimetic Remineralized Three-Dimensional Collagen Bone Matrices with an Enhanced Osteostimulating Effect

“…Various approaches have been proposed to increase the biological osteostimulating effect of bone implants, such as chemical modification of CP (substitution by cations, change of synthesis conditions etc. ), and combination of scaffolds with bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines, peptides or small molecules targeting bone precursor cells, bone formation and metabolism or use cell-based strategies with progenitor cells combined or not with active molecules [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. However, most of the proposed methods are excessively labor-intensive or expensive to produce, which reduces the availability of such materials to their main consumer, the average patient.…”

Oxygen-Generating Biomaterials for Translational Bone Regenerative Engineering

“…28,29 As such, the definitive objective of utilizing engineered biomaterials in regenerative engineering is to imitate native tissue's biophysical characteristics to evoke the innate healing response, enhance osteogenesis, and revive functionality. 30 One major challenge in regenerative engineering is reconstructing critically sized bone defects due to the limited survival of cells and their death in the interior of the large matrices. 31 Injury to bone is concomitant with damage to the endogenous vascular network.…”

“…Although metal implants can overcome these drawbacks, they lack regeneration features and may cause osteolysis and aseptic loosening. The current strategies’ constraints signify a paradigm shift to accomplish regenerative engineering strategies. , The strategy of regenerative engineering was first introduced by our group in 2012 and has converged the technology advancements in different areas such as advanced materials science, stem cell science, and areas of developed biology toward complex tissue regeneration. − An exemplary engineered tissue graft successfully substitutes the strut platform for the regenerating milieu, sufficiently endures mechanical forces, and biodegrades in accordance with newly formed tissue. , As such, the definitive objective of utilizing engineered biomaterials in regenerative engineering is to imitate native tissue’s biophysical characteristics to evoke the innate healing response, enhance osteogenesis, and revive functionality …”

Graphene: A Multifaceted Carbon-Based Material for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Surface functionalization, which involves the attachment of molecules or groups to graphene surfaces to enhance interactions with cells and tissues, offers a potential solution to this issue . Bioactive molecules like growth factors or peptides can boost bone cell activity and healing . Researchers are also using 3D printing to create customized scaffolds that mimic natural bone tissue and support new bone growth .…”