Oxygen-Generating Biomaterials for Translational Bone Regenerative Engineering

Abstract

Successful regeneration of critical-size defects remains one of the significant challenges in regenerative engineering. These large-scale bone defects are difficult to regenerate and are often reconstructed with matrices that do not provide adequate oxygen levels to stem cells involved in the regeneration process. Hypoxia-induced necrosis predominantly occurs in the center of large matrices since the host tissue’s local vasculature fails to provide sufficient nutrients and oxygen. Indeed, utilizing oxygen-generating materials can overcome the central hypoxic region, induce tissue in-growth, and increase the quality of life for patients with extensive tissue damage. This article reviews recent advances in oxygen-generating biomaterials for translational bone regenerative engineering. We discussed different oxygen-releasing and delivery methods, fabrication methods for oxygen-releasing matrices, biology, oxygen’s role in bone regeneration, and emerging new oxygen delivery methods that could potentially be used for bone regenerative engineering.

Pore Structure Tuning of Poly-EGDMA Biomedical Material by Varying the O-Quinone Photoinitiator

“…A lot of research is currently underway in the field of synthesis and modification [1] aimed both at creating new biomaterials and improving aspects of regeneration [2]. Various combinations of approaches and materials are used to address the challenges of regenerative medicine and of cell death, as well as to improve vascularization and tissue regeneration [3,4]. Structures for replacing bone tissue defects have become some of the materials in greatest demand because of the rising extent of traumatic bone lesions [5,6], osteoporosis [7][8][9], and malignant diseases of bone [10].…”