Induction time and metastability limit in new phase formation

Kashchiev, Dimo; Verdoes, D.; Rosmalen, G.M. van

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(91)90273-8

Cited by 199 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, the phenomenon that protein molecules crystallized with a longer time in a smaller solution volume indicated that the probability for nucleation became smaller in reduced volumes. These results agree with the previous studies that the nucleation in the protein crystallization process can be controlled by changing the volume of protein solutions [64][65][66][67]. …”

Section: Volume Effect On Protein Crystallizationsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Double Emulsion-Based, Plastic-Glass Hybrid Microfluidic Platform for Protein Crystallization

2015

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This paper reports the design and construction of a plastic-glass hybrid microfluidic platform for performing protein crystallization trials in nanoliter double emulsions. The double emulsion-based protein crystallization trials were implemented with both the vapor-diffusion method and microbatch method by controlling the diffusion of water between the inner and outer phases and by eliminating water evaporation. Double emulsions, whose inner and outer environments can be easily adjusted, can provide ideal conditions to explore protein crystallization with the advantages of a convection-free environment and a homogeneous interface. The property of the water-oil interface was demonstrated to be a critical factor for nucleation, and appropriate surfactants should be chosen to prevent protein adsorption at the interface. The results from the volume effect study showed a trend of fewer crystals and longer incubation time when the protein solution volume became smaller, suggesting that the nucleation in protein crystallization process can be controlled by changing the volume of protein solutions. Finally, sparse matrix screening was achieved using the double emulsion-based microbatch method. The double emulsion-based approach for protein crystallization is a promising tool for enhancing the crystal quality by controlling the nucleation process.

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Section: Volume Effect On Protein Crystallizationsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Double Emulsion-Based, Plastic-Glass Hybrid Microfluidic Platform for Protein Crystallization

2015

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“…Consequently, there are various definitions of the induction time in view of different experimental methods (Kashchiev, 2000;Kashchiev et al, 1991;Natarajan et al, 1994;Natarajan, 1993;Kashchiev and Firoozabadi, 2002a;So¨hnel and Mullin, 1988;Christiansen and Sloan, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Hydrate Induction Time of Gas-Saturated Water-in-Oil Emulsion using a High-Pressure Flow Loop

Shi

Wang

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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and available online here Cet article fait partie du dossier thématique ci-dessous publié dans la revue OGST, Vol. 70, n°6, pp. 909-1132 et téléchargeable ici D o s s i e rOil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 70 (2015), No. 6, pp. 909-1132 Copyright © 2015, IFP Energies nouvelles > Editorial -Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Asphaltenes and HydratesÉditorial -EOR «récupération assistée du pétrole», Asphaltènes et Hydrates D. Langevin and F. Baudin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR) > HP-HT Drilling Mud Based on Environmently-Friendly Fluorinated ChemicalsBoues de forage HP/HT à base de composés fluorés respectueux de l'environnement Abstract -Hydrate is one of the critical precipitates which have to be controlled for subsea flow assurance. The induction time of hydrate is therefore a significant parameter. However, there have been few studies on the induction time of the natural gas hydrate formation in a flow loop system. Consequently, a series of experiments were firstly performed, including water, natural gas and Diesel oil, on the hydrate induction time under various conditions such as the supercooling and supersaturation degree, water cut, anti-agglomerant dosage, etc. The experiments were conducted in a high-pressure hydrate flow loop newly constructed in the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), and dedicated to flow assurance studies. Then, based on previous research, this study puts forward a method for induction time, which is characterized by clear definition, convenient measurement and good generality. Furthermore, we investigated the influences of the experimental parameters and analyzed the experimental phenomena for the hydrate induction time in a flowing system.

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“…The values of J(T) can be measured by repeated experimental freezing studies. 163,181,182 Finally, to obtainτ i (T ), the definition suggested by Kaschiev 183 is adopted…”

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confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Weber

Borup

Darling³

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

498

394

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Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells are a promising energy-conversion technology. Over the last several decades significant progress has been made in increasing their performance and durability, of which continuum-level modeling of the transport processes has played an integral part. In this review, we examine the state-of-the-art modeling approaches, with a goal of elucidating the knowledge gaps and needs going forward in the field. In particular, the focus is on multiphase flow, especially in terms of understanding interactions at interfaces, and catalyst layers with a focus on the impacts of ionomer thin-films and multiscale phenomena. Overall, we highlight where there is consensus in terms of modeling approaches as well as opportunities for further improvement and clarification, including identification of several critical areas for future research. Fuel cells may become the energy-delivery devices of the 21 st century. Although there are many types of fuel cells, polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are receiving the most attention for automotive and small stationary applications. In a PEFC, fuel and oxygen are combined electrochemically. If hydrogen is used as the fuel, it oxidizes at the anode releasing proton and electrons according toThe generated protons are transported across the membrane and the electrons across the external circuit. At the cathode catalyst layer, protons and electrons recombine with oxygen to generate waterAlthough the above electrode reactions are written in single step, multiple elementary reaction pathways are possible at each electrode. During the operation of a PEFC, many interrelated and complex phenomena occur. These processes include mass and heat transfer, electrochemical reactions, and ionic and electronic transport. * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: azweber@lbl.govOver the last several decades significant progress has been made in increasing PEFC performance and durability. Such progress has been enabled by experiments and computation at multiple scales, with the bulk of the focus being on optimizing and discovering new materials for the membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA), composed of the proton-exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst layers, and diffusionmedia (DM) backing layers. In particular, continuum modeling has been invaluable in providing understanding and insight into processes and phenomena that cannot be resolved or uncoupled through experiments. While modeling of the transport and related phenomena has progressed greatly, there are still some critical areas that need attention. These areas include modeling the catalyst layer and multiphase phenomena in the PEFC porous media.While there have been various reviews over the years of PEFC modeling 1-7 and issues, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] as well as numerous books and book chapters, there is a need to examine critically the field in terms of what has been done and what needs to be done. This review serves that purpose with a focus on transport modeling of PEFCs. This is not meant to be an exhaustive review...

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Induction time and metastability limit in new phase formation

Cited by 199 publications

References 13 publications

A Double Emulsion-Based, Plastic-Glass Hybrid Microfluidic Platform for Protein Crystallization

A Double Emulsion-Based, Plastic-Glass Hybrid Microfluidic Platform for Protein Crystallization

Experimental Study on Hydrate Induction Time of Gas-Saturated Water-in-Oil Emulsion using a High-Pressure Flow Loop

A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

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