Induction Plasma Synthesis of Graphene Nano-flakes with In Situ Investigation of Ar–H2–CH4 Plasma by Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Mohanta, Antaryami; Lanfant, B.; Leparoux, Marc

doi:10.1007/s11090-019-09997-2

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As listed in Table 1, the input power for He, Ar-H2, and Ar-N2 is clearly higher than that for Ar because of the higher enthalpy for He, H2, and N2, even though the average gas temperature is always controlled to be 3500 K. Hence, the addition of high-enthalpy gas indicates an environment Recent research suggests that the C 2 radicals are the main precursor species of graphene flakes [21,25,28]. In the Ar-H 2 atmosphere, the formed C 2 radicals can be consumed due to the formation of hydrocarbons by collision with the hydrogen molecules through the reaction [73,74]: C 2 + H 2 → C 2 H + H, so the synthesis rate of graphene flakes decreases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomaterials 2020, 10 13 of 18 Recent research suggests that the C2 radicals are the main precursor species of graphene flakes [21,25,28]. In the Ar-H2 atmosphere, the formed C2 radicals can be consumed due to the formation of hydrocarbons by collision with the hydrogen molecules through the reaction [73,74]: C2 + H2 → C2H + H, so the synthesis rate of graphene flakes decreases.…”

Section: Synthesis Rate/yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their research revealed that factors influencing graphene flakes synthesis include the precursor type, reactor design, flow rate of buffer gas, etc. Pristavita et al [23][24][25][26][27][28] and Cheng et al [29] developed a radio-frequency plasma system for graphene flakes synthesis via methane decomposition. Their study indicated that a high reaction temperature and addition of H 2 may promote the transformation of products from spherical particles to graphene flakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure

et al. 2020

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A thermal plasma process at atmospheric pressure is an attractive method for continuous synthesis of graphene flakes. In this paper, a magnetically rotating arc plasma system is employed to investigate the effects of buffer gases on graphene flakes synthesis in a thermal plasma process. Carbon nanomaterials are prepared in Ar, He, Ar-H2, and Ar-N2 via propane decomposition, and the product characterization is performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Results show that spherical particles, semi-graphitic particles, and graphene flakes coexist in products under an Ar atmosphere. Under an He atmosphere, all products are graphene flakes. Graphene flakes with fewer layers, higher crystallinity, and a larger BET surface area are prepared in Ar-H2 and Ar-N2. Preliminary analysis reveals that a high-energy environment and abundant H atoms can suppress the formation of curved or closed structures, which leads to the production of graphene flakes with high crystallinity. Furthermore, nitrogen-doped graphene flakes with 1–4 layers are successfully synthesized with the addition of N2, which indicates the thermal plasma process also has great potential for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene flakes due to its continuous manner, cheap raw materials, and adjustable nitrogen-doped content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Rate/yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure

et al. 2020

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“…Electrical properties are a key issue for a wide spectrum of applications. Generally, it should be mentioned that the plasma synthesized materials, including graphene, are characterized by the standpoint of their structural properties, and chemical content of flakes [ 30 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Here, we study the plasma jet-assisted synthesized graphene materials aimed at the development of electronic devices fabricated by printing techniques on a flexible substrate, providing pervasive, light-weight, and cost-effective devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Flakes for Electronic Applications: DC Plasma Jet-Assisted Synthesis

et al. 2020

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The possibility of graphene synthesis (the bottom-up approach) in plasma and the effective control of the morphology and electrical properties of graphene-based layers were demonstrated. Graphene flakes were grown in a plasma jet generated by a direct current plasma torch with helium and argon as the plasma-forming gases. In the case of argon plasma, the synthesized graphene flakes were relatively thick (2–6 nm) and non-conductive. In helium plasma, for the first time, graphene with a predominance of monolayer flakes and high conductivity was grown in a significant amount using an industrial plasma torch. One-dimensional (1D) flow modeling shows that the helium plasma is a less charged environment providing the formation of thinner graphene flakes with low defect density. These flakes might be used for a water-based suspension of the graphene with PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate) composite to create the structures employing the 2D printing technologies. Good structural quality, low layer resistance, and good mechanical strength combined with the ability to obtain a large amount of the graphene powder, and to control the parameters of the synthesized particles make this material promising for various applications and, above all, for sensors and other devices for flexible electronics and the Internet of things ecosystem.

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“…→  at 431.5 nm. [24,26] Hydrogen emission lines such as H β (Balmer n = 4 2 → ) at 486.1 nm, H α (Balmer n = 3 2 → ) at 656.3, and H 2 (Fulcher d a…”

Section: Optical Emission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonoxidative methane coupling in a micro‐DBD with enhanced secondary electron emission

Pourali

Lamichhane

Hessel

et al. 2023

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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The conversion of methane into transportable and storable materials is crucial in the petrochemical sector. In this study, a specially constructed AC‐driven dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that has charge injector pyramids on one of the electrodes and runs at ambient temperature and pressure was used to evaluate noncatalytic methane conversion. The obtained result was compared with the traditional flat electrode DBD. It was discovered that the product selectivity in direct nonoxidative methane conversion depended on the discharge conditions. Pyramid electrode plasma sources convert methane up to 50 more than flat electrode plasma due to the appearance of more microdischarges. Pyramid electrode plasma generally has a greater production efficiency than flat electrode plasma, while requiring more operational power. The turnkey solutions offered by the sustainable methane coupling method discussed here may be advantageous for the long‐term small‐scale ethylene exploration scenario.

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Induction Plasma Synthesis of Graphene Nano-flakes with In Situ Investigation of Ar–H2–CH4 Plasma by Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure

Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure

Graphene Flakes for Electronic Applications: DC Plasma Jet-Assisted Synthesis

Nonoxidative methane coupling in a micro‐DBD with enhanced secondary electron emission

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