“…13 These macrophages, known as M1 and M2, can both be found in tissue, but the predominance of M1 is generally associated with greater inflammatory reaction and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, 14 while M2 is associated with the initiation of tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and repair. 15 Despite the importance of biomaterial compounds in macrophage activity, 16,17 few studies have attempted to assess the effects of endodontic sealers on macrophage phenotype, 10,14,18 which may influence the magnitude, type and duration of the inflammatory immune response. Considering that functional macrophage phenotypes can be altered as a result of changes in their microenvironment, 11,12,13 such as material properties, 10,14,[16][17][18] further studies need to be conducted to determine the effects of chemically different endodontic sealers on referred cells.…”