Induction of regeneration of the forelimb of the postmetamorphic frog by augmentation of the nerve supply

Singer, Marcus

doi:10.1002/jez.1401260304

Cited by 142 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The enhanced limb regeneration was correlated with a striking hyperinnervation of the electrically treated limbs in both Rana (7,8) and Xenopus (9). This suggested that the induced limb regeneration might be mediated by a facilitated nerve growth within the terminal portions of the limb stump, in much the same manner that surgical hyperinnervation was shown by Singer (10) to initiate limb regeneration in Rana. Borgens et al (7,8) established that this induced limb regeneration and increased nerve growth was due directly to the artificially imposed current of 200 nanoamperes with the cathode oriented distally within the limb stump.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Enhanced Spinal Cord Regeneration in Lamprey by Applied Electric Fields

Borgens

Roederer

Cohen

1981

Science

186

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After a weak, steady electric current of approximately 10 microamperes was imposed across the completely severed spinal cord of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus, enhanced regeneration was observed in the severed giant reticulospinal neurons. The current was applied with implanted wick electrodes for 5 to 6 days after transection (cathode distal to lesion). The spinal cords were examined 44 to 63 days after the operation by means of intracellular fluorescent dye injections and electrophysiology. Extracellular stimulation of whole cords showed that action potentials in most of the electrically treated preparations were conducted in both directions across the lesion, but they were not conducted in either direction in most of the sham-treated controls. In most of the electrically treated animals, processes from giant axons with swollen irregular tips, indicating active growth, were seen in or across the lesion. Only a few of the sham-treated controls showed these features. It is possible that these facilitated regenerative responses were mediated by the effects of the artificially applied electric fields on the natural steady current of injury entering the spinal lesion.

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confidence: 65%

Enhanced Spinal Cord Regeneration in Lamprey by Applied Electric Fields

Borgens

Roederer

Cohen

1981

Science

186

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“…This difference in tissue requirements may be due to lower concentrations or reduced sensitivities to nerve factors that induce blastema formation. In fact, grafting of ectopic nerve tissue promoted limb regeneration in anuran amphibians following amputation (Singer ). These hyperinnervated structures appeared more “limb‐like” than spikes, although the complete limb was not regenerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic blastema induction by nerve deviation and skin wounding: a new regeneration model in Xenopus laevis

et al. 2014

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Recently, the accessory limb model (ALM) has become an alternative study system for limb regeneration studies in axolotls instead of using an amputated limb. ALM progresses limb regeneration study in axolotls because of its advantages. To apply and/or to compare knowledge in axolotl ALM studies to other vertebrates is a conceivable next step. First, Xenopus laevis, an anuran amphibian, was investigated. A Xenopus frog has hypomorphic regeneration ability. Its regeneration ability has been considered intermediate between that of non‐regenerative higher vertebrates and regenerative urodele amphibians. Here, we successfully induced an accessory blastema in Xenopus by skin wounding and rerouting of brachial nerve bundles to the wound site, which is the regular ALM surgery. The induced Xenopus ALM blastemas have limited regenerative potential compared with axolotl ALM blastemas. Comparison of ALM blastemas from species with different regenerative potentials may facilitate the identification of the novel expression programs necessary for the formation of cartilage and other tissues during limb regeneration.

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“…The anuran life cycle offers the unique opportunity to study regeneration phenomena as the tadpole will readily regenerate a limb after amputation, but as it approaches metamorphosis there is a gradual restriction or a total loss in some species in their regenerative ability (36)(37)(38)(39). In view of our finding that newts have higher plasma P-EP levels than nonregenerating vertebrates, we have raised the question of whether or not a similar physiological correlation exists during regenerating and nomegenerating stages of the anuran life cycle.…”

Section: Efsects Of Ins On Cultured Blastemamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone action in newt limb regeneration: insulin and endorphins

Vethamany‐Globus

1987

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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Although several hormones have been linked to newt limb regeneration, a cohesive hypothesis as to how these hormones control the process is yet to emerge. A critical review of the traditional approaches and a reevaluation of currently operative assumptions and interpretations of results precede the data on insulin and beta-endorphin. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments on insulin are summarized, showing that insulin not only promotes various cellular events but also is essential for the expression of the mitogenic effect of nerves on cultured newt limb blastemata. Furthermore, the strong likelihood that insulin may be the common link in promoting limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts that received pituitary hormone replacement therapy or a nutritional supplement is discussed. The status of beta-endorphin in regeneration is also explored. Data are presented to show that vertebrates with regenerating capacity (newts, tadpoles) have higher levels of plasma beta-endorphin than that found in species where the capacity to regenerate is either restricted (frogs) or totally lost (mammals). beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in the epidermis of a regenerating newt blastema, as well as in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of axolotl, newt, and Xenopus. A possible opiate connection in vertebrate limb regeneration, in particular, wound healing, is discussed.

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Induction of regeneration of the forelimb of the postmetamorphic frog by augmentation of the nerve supply

Cited by 142 publications

References 48 publications

Enhanced Spinal Cord Regeneration in Lamprey by Applied Electric Fields

Enhanced Spinal Cord Regeneration in Lamprey by Applied Electric Fields

Ectopic blastema induction by nerve deviation and skin wounding: a new regeneration model in Xenopus laevis

Hormone action in newt limb regeneration: insulin and endorphins

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