Induction of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in gamma irradiated potatoes

Pendharkar, M. B.; Nair, P.M.

doi:10.1016/s0033-7560(75)80007-x

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These effects are considered a consequence of both the direct interactions between the ionizing radiation and the macromolecular structures, and the indirect action of AOS generated by water radiolysis. Those direct and indirect action of ionizing irradiation also induce other physiological changes in plants, *Corresponding author; fax +82-42-860-4608 e-mail hyunsook@mail.kribb.re.kr such as enhanced respiration and increased ethylene production (Romani, 1984), induction of enzyme activities (particularly for phenolic metabolisms; Pendharkar and Nair, 1975), and the accumulation of sucrose (Hayashi and Aoki, 1985) and specific protein species, such as small heat-shock proteins (Ferullo et al, 1994). However, the effects of gamma irradiation on transcriptional regulation of various types of genes have not been fully investigated.…”

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Expression patterns of diverse genes in response to gamma irradiation inNicotiana tabacum

2000

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We investigated the expression patterns of diverse genes at various time points after gamma irradiation of young tobacco plants. The first group of genes showed stimulation of transcript levels upon gamma irradiation, although their induction patterns varied. This group included glutathione-S-transferase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. A second group, with post-irradiation reduction of transcripts, included genes encoding cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, stromal ascorbate peroxidase, and a TMK1 receptor-like kinase. The third group of genes either showed no change in transcript levels or exhibited irregular patterns. These included genes encoding PRla (pathogenesisrelated protein), tobacco Ca++-dependent protein kinase, the ~-subunit of translational initiation factor 2B, and CHRK1, a chitinase-related receptor-like kinase. Thus, various genes displayed differential patterns of gene expression in response to gamma irradiation in tobacco plants, thereby suggesting a complex signaling mechanism is involved in the irradiation-induced defense by plants. In addition, many stress-responsive genes exhibited gene expression pattems upon gamma irradiation that differed from those resulting from other biotic and abiotic stresses. With the knowledge of distinctive expression patterns of diverse genes, irradiation-indicating marker plants could be developed by engineering and monitoring multiple radiation-responsive genes.

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Expression patterns of diverse genes in response to gamma irradiation inNicotiana tabacum

2000

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“…Massive doses of ionizing radiation have been shown to induce physiological changes in plants, such as enhancement of respiration, increase in ethylene production (Young, 1965;Abdel-Kader et al, 1968;Lee et al, 1968;Akamine and Goo, 1971;Romani, 1984), induction of enzyme activities (particularly for phenolic metabolisms; Riov et al, 1970;Pendharkar and Nair, 1975;Frylink et al, 1987), and accumulation of Suc (Hayashi and Aoki, 1985) and specific protein species (Ferullo et al, 1994). Cellular macromolecular components such as cell walls, membranes, and DNA are also markedly affected by ionizing radiation (Casarett, 1968).…”

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γ-Radiation Induces Leaf Trichome Formation in Arabidopsis1

et al. 1999

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We observed induction of additional trichome formation on the adaxial surface of mature leaves of Arabidopsis after massive doses (1-3 kilograys) of ␥-radiation from cobalt-60. A typical increase in trichome number was observed in the seventh leaf when the full expansion of the fifth leaf was irradiated. Under normal growth conditions, trichome numbers on the adaxial surface of seventh leaf of the Arabidopsis ecotypes Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler) were 122.5 ؎ 22.7 and 57.5 ؎ 14.5, respectively. However, ␥-radiation induced additional trichome formation and the numbers rose to 207.9 ؎ 43.7 and 95.0 ؎ 27.1 in Col and Ler, respectively. In Col the shape of new trichomes was intact and their formation was spatially maintained at equal distances from other trichomes. In Ler trichome morphology was aberrant and the formation was relatively random. Treatment with antioxidants before ␥-irradiation suppressed the increase in trichome number, and treatment with methyl viologen and light induced small trichomes. These results suggest that ␥-radiation-induced trichome formation is mediated by active oxygen species generated by water radiolysis. ␥-Radiationinduced trichome formation was blocked in the trichome mutants ttg-1, gl1-1, and gl2-1. These results suggest that ␥-radiationinduced trichome formation is mediated by the normal trichome developmental pathway.

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“…Following irradiation of plants or seeds, increases in some enzyme activities (mainly degradative ones) have been reported, like RNase (Cherry 1962, Gordon and Buess 1972, Bagi and Hidvegi 1983, peroxidase (Ogawa and Uritani 1970, Warfield et al . 1975, Kelly and Linenberg 1981, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (Pandharkar and Nair 1975) and protease (Bagi and Hidvegi 1983) . Comparative studies, however, concerning the dormant vs physiologically active states of plants, the activity of enzymes and the quality of irradiation have not previously been performed .…”

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confidence: 99%

Inverse Correlation between Growth and Degrading Enzyme Activity of Seedlings after Gamma and Neutron Irradiation of Pea Seeds

Bagi

Bornemisza-Pauspertl

Hidvégi

1988

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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The effect of gamma-, 14 MeV neutron- and fission neutron irradiation was investigated on the growth rate and degrading enzyme activities of pea seedlings. Both dormant pea seeds and 4-day-old growing seedlings were used for the experiments. Depending on the gamma dose between 15 and 300 Gy the height of pea seedlings was found shorter, and parallel with this the endogenous RNase and peroxidase activities were higher than in the unirradiated controls. Seedlings proved to be more sensitive by about one order of magnitude than seeds. Irradiation of seeds between 5 and 10 Gy slightly enhanced the growth rate of seedlings (10 per cent) and parallel with this, the RNase activity measured was lower than that in the controls. On irradiation of seedlings with 14 MeV neutrons the growth inhibition and RNase activity enhancement was only 1.3 times more effective than in the case of irradiation of seeds. The following RBE values were obtained after irradiation of seeds, related to the biological effect of gamma rays: in growth inhibition, 6 for 14 MeV neutrons and 12 for fission neutrons, and the enhancement of two enzyme activities was 15-30 for 14 MeV neutrons and 45-58 for fission neutrons. In the case of seedling irradiation with 14 MeV neutrons the RBE was 1.0 for growth inhibition and between 3 and 6 for enhancement of enzyme activity. The isoenzyme pattern of RNase also changed: two isoenzymes became predominant after the gamma irradiation of seeds, characterized by molecular weights of 21,000 and 30,000, respectively. As a result of enhanced RNase activity, the degradation of longer polysomes to monomeric ribosomes occurred. Thus after ionizing irradiation of pea seeds and seedlings an inverse correlation was found between the growth rate of pea seedlings and the activities of degrading enzymes.

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Induction of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in gamma irradiated potatoes

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Expression patterns of diverse genes in response to gamma irradiation inNicotiana tabacum

Expression patterns of diverse genes in response to gamma irradiation inNicotiana tabacum

γ-Radiation Induces Leaf Trichome Formation in Arabidopsis1

Inverse Correlation between Growth and Degrading Enzyme Activity of Seedlings after Gamma and Neutron Irradiation of Pea Seeds

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