Induction of oxidative stress and related transcriptional effects of perfluorononanoic acid using an in vivo assessment

Triazole-induced toxicity in developing rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) embryos

“…After triazole treatment, the expressions of hsp70, cyp1a, and apaf-1 were significantly increased in this study. The same trends were also found in other fish species (Yamashita 2003;Voelker et al 2007;Zhu et al 2013;Yang et al 2014) for different hazardous substance treatment. On the basis of results from the present study, it may be hypothesized that triazole exposure induces oxidative stress; the oxidative stimulus may trigger apaf-1.…”

“…Those may partly explain the high percent of observed malformations, especially for significant decrease in heart rate and body length. Stress-induced apoptosis is thought to contribute to abnormal development during embryogenesis (Yang et al 2014). In the present investigation, several important genes that might be involved in apoptosis were investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of triazole exposure.…”

“…On the basis of results from the present study, it may be hypothesized that triazole exposure induces oxidative stress; the oxidative stimulus may trigger apaf-1. Apaf-1 represses the function of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane (Yang et al 2014). Once the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane is disrupted, mitochondrion releases cytochrome C and inducing caspaseindependent apoptosis.…”

Evaluation of single and joint toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and zinc to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri : Acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and oxidative stress

“…This may be caused by the production of reactive carbonyls that can diffuse from the original site of radical production, causing damage to inter-and intra-cellular targets [22]. Similar results have been observed in zebrafish larvae [45] and C. auratus [28] exposed to PFNA and PFOS, respectively. And the decreased MDA levels indicated that the excess generation of ROS under Zn and PFOS stress surpassed its decomposition by endogenous antioxidants, exhausting the scavenging mechanisms and leaving the overproduced ROS to attack the cellular constituents.…”

Induction of oxidative stress and the transcription of genes related to apoptosis in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) larvae with Aroclor 1254 exposure

“…The up-regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB expression may corroborate the hypothesis. Stress-induced apoptosis is thought to contribute to abnormal development during larval stage (Yang et al, 2014). Aroclor 1254 can trigger apoptosis in rat (Aly, 2013;Aly et al, 2009).…”