Induction of Olfactory Receptor Sensitivity in Mice

Wang, Haiwei; Wysocki, Charles J.; Gold, Geoffrey H.

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-68355-1_93

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The EOG elicited by a brief (0.2-1.0 s) stimulus is a biphasic polarization with a duration of around 2-3 s in mice (Wang et al, 1993) and humans (Wang et al, 2004a, b). We show that the evoked potential recorded at the nasion increases in amplitude following the sniff-training with androstadienone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Olfactory Exposure to the Biologically Significant Steroid Androstadienone Causes a Hedonic Shift and Gender Dimorphic Changes in Olfactory-Evoked Potentials

Boulkroune

Wang

March

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The function of a sensory system is to transduce and relay sensory information in a constant and reproducible manner. However, in the olfactory processing of certain steroids this precept of sensory constancy does not appear to apply. Using threshold testing, psychometrics, and electrophysiological techniques, we investigated the effects of a repetitive exposure protocol on the response to androstadienone. Androstadienone is a steroid found in human secretions that has been widely proposed as a candidate for a human pheromone. The detection threshold, hedonic perception, and evoked potential response all changed following repetitive exposure to androstadienone and not to a control odorant, benzaldehyde. Furthermore, the exposure-dependent changes in evoked potentials exhibited a gender dimorphism in which there were changes in the later components of the evoked potentials specific to women. These components have been associated with cognitive and perceptual operations. This 'learning' to smell a compound found in sweat may be related to biological signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Olfactory Exposure to the Biologically Significant Steroid Androstadienone Causes a Hedonic Shift and Gender Dimorphic Changes in Olfactory-Evoked Potentials

Boulkroune

Wang

March

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Studies ofolfactory learning in other species (e.g., rat, hamster, mouse) have found that longterm exposure to a single, dominant-odor environment has degenerative effects on mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, but no consistent effects on behavioral measures of sensitivity to that odor or other odors (Cunzeman & Slotnick, 1984;Laing & Panhuber, 1978, 1980Panhuber, Mackay-Sim, & Laing, 1987). Yet some exposure conditions for humans and mice induce odor sensitization (e.g., Wang, Wysocki, & Gold, 1993;Wysocki, Dorries, & Beauchamp, 1989). Evidence from other sensory and physiological systems suggests that continuously presented stimuli produce adaptation whereas intermittently presented stimuli do not (for a review, see Post, 1980).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature and duration of adaptation following long-term odor exposure

Dalton

Wysocki

1996

Perception & Psychophysics

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141

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Any individual living or working in an odorous environment can experience changes in odor perception, some of which are long lasting. Often, these individuals report a significant reduction in the perception of an odor following long-term exposure to that odor (adaptation). Yet, most experimental analyses of olfactory adaptation use brief odorant exposures which may not typify real-world experiences. Using a procedure combining long-term odor exposure in a naturalistic setting with psychophysical tests in the laboratory, we present evidence to show that reduced odor intensity following long-term exposure is accompanied by odorant-specific shifts in threshold. Subjects were exposed continuously to one of two odorants while in their home for a period of 2 weeks. Exposure produced an odorant-specific reduction in sensitivity and perceived intensity compared with pre exposure baselines: Detection thresholds for the adapting odorant were elevated following exposure and perceived intensity ratings for weak concentrations were reduced. For most individuals, reduced sensitivity to the test odorant was still evident up to 2 weeks following the last exposure. The persistence of the change, as evidenced by the duration of recovery from adaptation, distinguishes this phenomenon from the adaptation seen following shorter exposures and highlights the need for the study of exposure durations that are more similar to real-world exposures.The decrease in responsiveness that occurs following continuous stimulation (adaptation) is a feature common to all sensory systems, including olfaction, In situations where information is provided by dynamic sources of sensory input, unvarying stimuli often cease to be detected or perceived at the original intensity.

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“…There appear to be two kinds of adaptation: (i) that occurring within a few seconds of stimulation, most frequently detected in individual cells by biochemical or electrophysiological methods, and (ii) that which can be characterized as psychophysiological, involving both the whole organism and much longer periods of stimulation (from several minutes to several weeks; Murphy 1987;Wang et al 1993). A number of peripheral mechanisms have been invoked to explain short-term adaptation in vertebrates: a feedback loop involving Ca 2 + channels (Kurahashi & Shibuya 1990), direct inhibition by odorants of a wide variety of ion channels (Kawai et al 1997), and multiple kinetic forms of adaptation with di¡erent molecular bases (Leinders-Zufall et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory coding in a simple system: adaptation inDrosophilalarvae

Cobb

Domain

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Drosophila melanogaster larvae were pre-stimulated with high concentrations of six homologous alcohols (C4^C9) and then tested for adaptation and cross-adaptation using these same alcohols, four aliphatic n-acetates and three acids. Pre-stimulation with hexanol e¡ectively reduced to zero (abolished) test responses to all six alcohols, whereas test responses to hexanol were only a¡ected by pre-stimulation with hexanol. This substance appears to play a fundamental role in the organization of the larval olfactory system. Test responses to butanol and pentanol, and the e¡ect of pre-stimulation with butanol and pentanol, were not signi¢cantly di¡erent, indicating that they are sensory equivalents. Heptanol, octanol and nonanol induce a complex set of responses among one another. Cross-adaptation between functional groups was observed, in particular following pre-stimulation with hexanol, but there was also evidence that functional groups are coded separately. A model of olfactory processing in the fruit£y maggot is presented that explains the data and provides predictions for future anatomical, genetic and electrophysiological studies.

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Induction of Olfactory Receptor Sensitivity in Mice

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

Repetitive Olfactory Exposure to the Biologically Significant Steroid Androstadienone Causes a Hedonic Shift and Gender Dimorphic Changes in Olfactory-Evoked Potentials

Repetitive Olfactory Exposure to the Biologically Significant Steroid Androstadienone Causes a Hedonic Shift and Gender Dimorphic Changes in Olfactory-Evoked Potentials

The nature and duration of adaptation following long-term odor exposure

Olfactory coding in a simple system: adaptation inDrosophilalarvae

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