Induction of Cryptic and Bioactive Metabolites through Natural Dietary Components in an Endophytic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.

Abstract

Grape skin and turmeric extracts having the major components resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, were used for the induction of cryptic and bioactive metabolites in an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Syzygium cumini. The increase in total amount of crude compounds in grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures was 272.48 and 174.32%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Among six human pathogenic bacteria tested, the maximum inhibitory activity was found against Aeromonas hydrophila IMS/GN11 while no inhibitory activity was observed against Enterococcus faecalis IMS/GN7. The crude compounds derived from turmeric extract treated cultures showed the highest DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (86.46% inhibition) followed by compounds from grape skin treated cultures (11.80% inhibition) and the control cultures (1.92% inhibition). Both the treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude metabolites compared to the control. HPLC profiling of crude compounds derived from grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures revealed the presence of additional 20 and 14 cryptic compounds, respectively, compared to the control. These findings advocate the future use of such dietary components in induced production of cryptic and bioactive metabolites.

2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol Isolated From an Endophytic Fungus, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Reduces Virulence and Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Acetonitrile along with HPLC-grade water was used as the mobile phase solvent. The elution program of compounds started with 15% acetonitrile reaching up to 100% in 40 min with a hold on this condition for 5 min, and again gradient coming down to 15% acetonitrile in 8 min which was finally held for 5 min ( Sharma et al, 2017 ). The samples and mobile phase were filtered through a 0.2-μm nylon membrane filter before applying into the column.…”

Isolation and enhancement of resveratrol production in Xylaria psidii by exploring the phenomenon of epigenetics: using DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylase as epigenetic modifiers

“…HPLC analysis I revealed that RESV concentration was maximum and enhanced in the case of treatment with 5 µM SAHA and by 10 µM AZA followed by 10 µM SAHA and 5 µM AZA. In earlier reports, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides an endophytic fungus, was also reported to have an increase in cryptic compounds as well as their antimicrobial potential by using epigenetic modifiers, grape extract and turmeric extracts [17].…”

“…AZA induces hypomethylation of the DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme which catalyses the transfer of methyl group to the DNA apart from getting incorporated into the genetic material which leads to the disassembly of polyribosomes, defective methylation and acceptor function of tRNA thereby inhibiting production of specific proteins [15,16]. SAHA acts as histone deacetylase inhibitor which by acting as a chelator for zinc ions present in the active site of the histone deacetylase leads to the accumulation of the acetylated histones and acetylated protein further inhibiting the gene expression [17,18].…”

Isolation and Characterization of an Endophytic Fungus Colletotrichum coccodes Producing Tyrosol From Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Using ITS2 RNA Secondary Structure and Molecular Docking Study

“…The occurrence of Colletotrichum spp. as an endophyte is not rare; it has been isolated from several medicinal plants with potent biological activity against several drug-resistant pathogens (Lu et al, 2000;Arivudainambi et al, 2011;Sharma et al, 2017;Kim and Shim, 2019). Molecular tools including phylogenetic analyses that aid along with the traditional techniques have been proven to be successful for correct identification of fungi and have further revolutionized the fungal classification (Sarwar et al, 2019).…”