Induction of cellular accessibility and inaccessibility and suppression and potentiation of cell death in oat attacked by Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae

Carver, T. L. W.; Lyngkjær, Michael Foged; Neyron, L; Strudwicke, Catherine

doi:10.1006/pmpp.1999.0223

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In control leaves of both experiments (Figs 3 and 4), the presence of an inducer papilla within an epidermal cell was again associated with a high level of induced inaccessibility as challenger penetration frequency was significantly decreased compared with single‐inoculated leaves ( P < 0.001). These findings agree with earlier experiments (Figs 1 and 2) and previous studies (Carver et al ., 1999; Kunoh, 2002; Lyngkjær and Carver, 1999a,b; Olesen et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In controls, when challenger appressoria attacked a cell containing an inducer haustorium, penetration frequency significantly increased ( P < 0.001 in both experiments; Figs 3 and 4) and almost all attacks succeeded (95–98%). This agrees with previous experiments (Figs 1 and 2) and studies (Carver et al ., 1999; Kunoh, 2002; Lyngkjær and Carver, 1999a,b; Olesen et al ., 2003). The presence of an inducer haustorium in an epidermal cell resulted in induced accessibility and neither DDG (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…these cells showed induced inaccessibility. This was expected and agrees with many previous studies (Carver et al ., 1999; Kunoh, 2002; Lyngkjær and Carver, 1999a,b; Olesen et al ., 2003). Also as expected from these previous studies, in control leaves challenger attacks on epidermal cells containing inducer haustoria succeeded significantly more frequently ( P < 0.001), i.e.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Induced inaccessibility and accessibility in the oat powdery mildew system: insights gained from use of metabolic inhibitors and silicon nutrition

Prats

Carver

Lyngkjær

et al. 2005

Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Fungal-induced inaccessibility in oat to Blumeria graminis requires active cell processes. These are reiterative de novo cell processes involved in inherent penetration resistance. Therefore, induced inaccessibility may well involve cellular memory of the initial attack. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis inhibitors (AOPP and OH-PAS) and phosphate scavengers (DDG and d-mannose) strongly suppressed induced inaccessibility, but silicon nutrition had no effect. Induced accessibility was modulated by the presence of fungal haustoria inside cells. Haustoria actively suppress or reprogram infected plant cells toward a constant state of penetration susceptibility. Neither inhibitor treatments nor silicon nutrition affected fungal-induced accessibility.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Induced inaccessibility and accessibility in the oat powdery mildew system: insights gained from use of metabolic inhibitors and silicon nutrition

Prats

Carver

Lyngkjær

et al. 2005

Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, a possible explanation is that signals emanating from colonized cells undergoing HR and/or the fungal parasite itself cause neighboring cells to suppress the response of genes normally affected by sylA to a certain degree, thereby decreasing the proportion of fully responding cells. Indeed, evidence of suppression of defense-related genes and induction of susceptibility in cells neighboring cells colonized by powdery mildew has long been demonstrated in cereals (Kuno et al 1985a(Kuno et al , b, 1991Carver et al 1999;Lyngkjaer and Carver 1999;Wä spi et al 2001) and also in dicots (for a reviews see Nomura et al 2005;Chisholm et al 2006). Thus, we hypothesize that the observed reduced transcriptional sylA response of powdery mildew-infected tissue may be due to a suppressive effect the fungus exerts in colonized and neighboring cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transcriptional changes in powdery mildew infected wheat and Arabidopsis leaves undergoing syringolin-triggered hypersensitive cell death at infection sites

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of powdery mildew in wheat, is an obligate biotrophic fungus that exclusively invades epidermal cells. As previously shown, spraying of a solution of syringolin A, a circular peptide derivative secreted by the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, triggers hypersensitive cell death at infection sites in powdery mildew infected wheat. Thus, the fungus is essentially eradicated. Here we show that syringolin A also triggers hypersensitive cell death in Arabidopsis infected with the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. To monitor transcriptional changes associated with this effect, we cloned 307 cDNA clones representing 158 unigenes from powdery mildew infected, syringolin A sprayed wheat leaves by a suppression subtractive hybridization cloning procedure. These cDNAs were microarrayed onto glass slides together with 1088 cDNA-AFLP clones from powdery mildew-infected wheat. Microarray hybridization experiments were performed with probes derived from leaves, epidermal tissue, and mesophyll preparations of mildewed or uninfected wheat plants after syringolin A or control treatment. Similar experiments were performed in Arabidopsis using the Affymetrix ATH1 whole genome GeneChip. The results indicate a conserved mode of action of syringolin A as similar gene groups are induced in both species. Prominent groups include genes associated with the proteasomal degradation pathway, mitochondrial and other heat shock genes, genes involved in mitochondrial alternative electron pathways, and genes encoding glycolytic and fermentative enzymes. Surprisingly, in both species the observed transcriptional response to syringolin A was considerably weaker in infected plants as compared to uninfected plants. The results lead to the working hypothesis that cell death observed at infection sites may result from a parasite-induced suppression of the transcriptional response and thus to insufficient production of protective proteins necessary for the recovery of these cells from whatever insult is imposed by syringolin A.

show abstract

“…In other studies, autofluorescence in epidermal cells was linked to release of phenolic compounds in cells that had undergone a hypersensitive reaction (Carver et al 1999). This phenomenon would indicate that the presence of phenolics was the result of cell death rather than the cause of pathogen death.…”

Section: Phytoalexins and Cucumbermentioning

confidence: 97%

Controlling diseases without fungicides: a new chemical warfare

Bélanger¹

2006

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While the concept of controlling plant diseases and respecting the environment is both noble and universally accepted, its practical implementation remains a scientific challenge. Whether one considers classical biological control or induced resistance, achieving efficient disease control with either method requires an acute understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions involving the plant, the pathogen, and the biocontrol or inducing agent. As more and more such interactions are being studied, it is now apparent that both the plant and the biocontrol agent will react to the presence of the pathogen by producing, among other things, new and complex antimicrobial molecules. Much like fungicides, these molecules become an integral part of the chemical ecology that regulates these interactions. In trying to elucidate their role, we quickly realize that plants, biocontrol agents, and pathogens are constantly engaged in a natural chemical war that is precisely balanced. As we have learned in the course of our attempts to control powdery mildews through biological control or induced resistance, this chemical warfare involves tactics and strategies that we ourselves must understand and implement to achieve successful disease control.Résumé : Bien que le concept de la lutte contre les maladies des plantes et du respect de l'environnement soit à la fois noble et universellement accepté, son application demeure un défi scientifique. Que ce soit à l'aide de la lutte biologique classique ou de la résistance induite, combattre les maladies efficacement avec l'une ou l'autre des deux méthodes exige une compréhension pointue des mécanismes sous-jacents des interactions impliquant la plante, l'agent pathogène et l'agent de lutte ou inducteur. Grâce aux études de plus en plus nombreuses sur ces interactions, il est clair maintenant que la plante et l'agent de lutte biologique réagissent à la présence de l'agent pathogène en produisant, entre autres choses, de nouvelles molécules antimicrobiennes complexes. Tout comme les fongicides, ces molécules deviennent partie intégrante de l'écologie chimique qui régule ces interactions. En tentant d'élucider leurs rôles, nous réalisons rapidement que les plantes, les agents de lutte biologique et les agents pathogènes sont constamment engagés dans une guerre chimique naturelle parfaitement équilibrée. Comme nous l'avons appris au cours de nos tentatives pour combattre les oïdiums par la lutte biologique ou par la résistance induite, cette guerre chimique implique des tactiques et des stratégies que nous devons nous-mêmes comprendre et mettre en pratique afin de s'assurer du succès de la lutte contre les maladies.

show abstract

Induction of cellular accessibility and inaccessibility and suppression and potentiation of cell death in oat attacked by Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Induced inaccessibility and accessibility in the oat powdery mildew system: insights gained from use of metabolic inhibitors and silicon nutrition

Induced inaccessibility and accessibility in the oat powdery mildew system: insights gained from use of metabolic inhibitors and silicon nutrition

Transcriptional changes in powdery mildew infected wheat and Arabidopsis leaves undergoing syringolin-triggered hypersensitive cell death at infection sites

Controlling diseases without fungicides: a new chemical warfare

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About