Induction of autophagy via innate bacterial recognition

Yano, Tamaki; Kurata, Shoichiro

doi:10.4161/auto.6802

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Autophagy can be induced via PGRP-LE, which is essential in the innate bacterial recognition in Drosophila resistance against Listeria monocytogenes [70] suggesting that this biological process is involved in the innate immune response against intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites [70,71]. In our study, the atg7 and atg12 genes involved in autophagy were down-regulated in ovaries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Feminizing Wolbachia: a transcriptomics approach with insights on the immune response genes in Armadillidium vulgare

et al. 2012

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BackgroundWolbachia are vertically transmitted bacteria known to be the most widespread endosymbiont in arthropods. They induce various alterations of the reproduction of their host, including feminization of genetic males in isopod crustaceans. In the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare, the presence of Wolbachia is also associated with detrimental effects on host fertility and lifespan. Deleterious effects have been demonstrated on hemocyte density, phenoloxidase activity, and natural hemolymph septicemia, suggesting that infected individuals could have defective immune capacities. Since nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in Wolbachia-A. vulgare interactions and its secondary immunocompetence modulation, we developed a transcriptomics strategy and compared A. vulgare gene expression between Wolbachia-infected animals (i.e., “symbiotic” animals) and uninfected ones (i.e., “asymbiotic” animals) as well as between animals challenged or not challenged by a pathogenic bacteria.ResultsSince very little genetic data is available on A. vulgare, we produced several EST libraries and generated a total of 28 606 ESTs. Analyses of these ESTs revealed that immune processes were over-represented in most experimental conditions (responses to a symbiont and to a pathogen). Considering canonical crustacean immune pathways, these genes encode antimicrobial peptides or are involved in pathogen recognition, detoxification, and autophagy. By RT-qPCR, we demonstrated a general trend towards gene under-expression in symbiotic whole animals and ovaries whereas the same gene set tends to be over-expressed in symbiotic immune tissues.ConclusionThis study allowed us to generate the first reference transcriptome ever obtained in the Isopoda group and to identify genes involved in the major known crustacean immune pathways encompassing cellular and humoral responses. Expression of immune-related genes revealed a modulation of host immunity when females are infected by Wolbachia, including in ovaries, the crucial tissue for the Wolbachia route of transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Feminizing Wolbachia: a transcriptomics approach with insights on the immune response genes in Armadillidium vulgare

et al. 2012

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“…12 On the other hand, the demonstration that IL-23 is active at intestinal mucosal surfaces 4 and evidence that certain types of bacterial stimuli may influence its intestinal expression 13 could suggest a role for microbes in the IL-23 overexpression observed in AS. 14 A key role in the intestinal innate immune response against bacterial infection is played by macroautophagy 15 (hereafter referred as autophagy), a basic cellular machinery responsible in eukaryotic cells for bulk degradation of cellular constituents 16 that also act as an effector of pattern recognition receptor response to pathogens, [17][18][19] directly eliminating intracellular microbes or their products. Another function of autophagy is connected to its ability to target improperly folded proteins for degradation in close connection with the endoplasmic reticulum stress response known as the UPR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that autophagy, but not the unfolded protein response, regulates the expression of IL-23 in the gut of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and subclinical gut inflammation

et al. 2013

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Objectives IL-23 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Aim of the study was to clarify the mechanisms underlying the increased IL-23 expression in the gut of AS patients. Methods Consecutive gut biopsies from 30 HLA-B27+ AS patients, 15 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and 10 normal subjects were obtained. Evidence for HLA-B27 misfolding was studied. Unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy were assessed by rt-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The contribution of UPR and autophagy in the regulation of IL-23 expression was evaluated in in vitro experiments on isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs). Results Intracellular co-localization of SYVN1 and FHCs but not a significant over-expression of UPR genes was observed in the gut of AS patients. Conversely, up-regulation of the genes involved in the autophagy pathway was observed in the gut of AS and CD patients. Immunohistochemistry showed an increased expression of LC3II, ATG5 and ATG12 but not of SQSTM1 in the ileum of AS and CD patients. LC3II was expressed among infiltrating mononuclear cells and epithelial cells resembling Paneth cells and co-localized with ATG5 in AS and CD. Autophagy but not UPR was required to modulate the expression of IL-23 in isolated LPMCs of AS patients with chronic gut inflammation, CD patients and controls. Conclusions Our data suggest that HLA-B27 misfolding occurs in the gut of AS patients and is accompanied by activation of autophagy rather than an unfolded protein response. Autophagy appears to be associated with intestinal modulation of IL-23 in AS.

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“…Finally, it was very recently shown that Drosophila plasmatocytes use macro-autophagy to fight against invading intracellular bacteriae, such as Listeria monocytogenes, through intracellular recognition of a bacterial peptidoglycan by a pattern recognition receptor, (PGRP-LE) that is expressed by hemocytes. Autophagy which prevents intracellular growth of L. Monocytogenes and promotes host survival following this infection was confirmed in ex vivo cultured hemocytes (Yano and Kurata, 2008). Together, the recent reports on new plasmatocyte functions open the way to compare analyses of the signalling pathways involved in immune memory and autophagy as an immune response between insects and mammals.…”

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confidence: 84%

Ontogeny of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, hemocyte homeostasis and the dedicated cellular immune response to parasitism

Krzemień

Crozatier²,

Víncent³

2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Over the years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a major invertebrate model to study developmental and evolutionary aspects of both humoral and cellular aspects of innate immunity. Drosophila hematopoiesis which supplies three types of circulating hemocytes, occurs in two spatially and temporally distinct phases during development. The first embryonic phase is described in detail in accompanying reviews in this Int. J. Dev. Biol. Special Issue. The second phase takes place at the end of larval development in a specialised hematopoietic organ, termed the lymph gland. We review here recent studies on the ontogeny of the lymph gland, focusing on the formation and role of the Posterior Signalling Center which acts as a niche for hematopoietic progenitors. We then report recent progress in understanding the dedicated cellular immune response of Drosophila larvae against parasitization by Hymenopterae, a common threat for many Dipterae. This response involves the differentiation of lamellocytes, a cryptic cell fate, revealing the high degree of plasticity of Drosophila hematopoiesis. We end up by integrating studies in Drosophila within a more general picture of insect hematopoiesis and hemocyte homeostasis.

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Induction of autophagy via innate bacterial recognition

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Feminizing Wolbachia: a transcriptomics approach with insights on the immune response genes in Armadillidium vulgare

Feminizing Wolbachia: a transcriptomics approach with insights on the immune response genes in Armadillidium vulgare

Evidence that autophagy, but not the unfolded protein response, regulates the expression of IL-23 in the gut of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and subclinical gut inflammation

Ontogeny of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, hemocyte homeostasis and the dedicated cellular immune response to parasitism

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