Induction of Apoptosis by Fatty Acid Rich Fraction of Solanum Nigrum on Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Objective: Mechanism of cell death inducing pathway of chloroform fraction of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum were studied in a panel of cervical cancer cell line.Methods: Cells were treated with IC50 doses (previously determined by MTT assay), and various experiments were performed. For cellular and nuclear morphology, cells were stained with Hoechst33258 and observed under phase and fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle shift and apoptotic assay (AnnexinV-FITC/PI) were studied by flow cytometry. Expressions of relevant genes were studied at the transcriptional and translational levels. ROS induction and loss of MMP and presence of γH2AX were studied by fluorescent microscopy. Constituents of the fraction were separated by column chromatography and bioassayed by MTT assay. Bioactive sub-fractions were identified by GC-MS.Results: Typical apoptotic morphological features were found in the treated cells. Most cells were found in late apoptotic stages. In HeLa and C33A cell lines, cells were blocked at G1/S, in SiHa, subG0 population increased. Expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 decreased and that of proapoptotic BAX, p53, p21 increased. Expression of HPV16 and human ET1 also decreased. ROS mediated DNA damage was detected and induced apoptosis. Different fatty acids along with other compounds were detected in the chloroform fraction, all of which are reported to have anticancer properties. Conclusion:From the study it can be concluded that fatty acid rich chloroform fraction of S. nigrum is capable of inducing apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, through ROS mediated DNA damage.

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Rodent Tuber Mutant Plant (Typhonium Flagelliforme Lodd.) Against to McF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

“…Hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid has been shown to have antitumor activity in mouse models and is cytotoxic selective for MOLT-4 leukemia cancer cells due to their interaction with DNA topoisomerase I and their ability to induce apoptosis [24]. Palmitic acid was present in Solanum nigrum which had a role induce apoptosis on cervical cancer cell lines [38]. The hexadecanoic acid methyl ester is also able to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells [39].…”

A Review on Endothelins: An Update

“…ET-1 is produced by different cells including cancer cell. It helps the cells to proliferate, aids in angiogenesis, prevents them from dying and inhibits apoptosis [42]. It is also suspected to exhibit a concealed role in cancer pain.…”

Differential Expression Analysis of Kruppel Like Factors 6 and Antagonistic Effect Study of Cinnamic Acid - An in Silico Approach

“…KLF6 related somatic mutations frequency is prevalent in prostate cancer, due to that tumor-suppressing ability become inactive [4,5]. Various clinical studies on major cancers such as colorectal [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] specialized lung cancer [9][10][11][12][13][14] gastric cancer [10][11][12][13][14][15], head and neck cancer subtypes [11][12][13][14][15][16], hepatocarcinoma, and ovarian cancer. Thus, KLF6 relationships were investigated and revealed the gene differential expression.…”

“…Thus, KLF6 relationships were investigated and revealed the gene differential expression. Based on tissue and cell types KLF6s native growth suppression properties reported in the major cancer pathways such as p53-independent upregulation of p21, disruption of cyclin D1 [12][13][14][15][16][17], and CDK4 interaction, induction or protection of apoptosis, and c-Jun inhibition [13]. Clinical evidence showed the two-way correlation between ER-α and KLF6 expression levels in ERpositive breast cancer.…”

“…In addition to, the functional enrichment studies of KLF6 among breast cancer patients, our studies include studies on cinnamic acid antagonistic efficacy on KLF6. Natural compounds considered as anticancer agents in inducing apoptotic effect as well as a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells [14]. Cinnamic acid is one of the plant-derived compound and belongs to the auxin family and mainly involved in cell growth, differentiation, and regulations [15].…”