Induction of a complete secondary-product pathway in a cultured lichen fungus

Culberson, Chicita F.; Armaleo, Daniele

doi:10.1016/0147-5975(92)90041-o

Cited by 98 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…green algae) other than cyanobacteria. Similarly, although lichen substances are synthesized by mycobionts in culture, their production can be increased when in symbiosis with cyanobionts (Culberson & Armaleo, 1992). Symbiotic structures of plants, such as glands, cavities or coralloid roots, develop in the absence of cyanobionts but transformation into their final symbiotic organization is dependent on infection by the cyanobiont.…”

Section: Cyanobionts and Their Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They stimulate thallus morphogenesis, probably by affecting the mycobiont, but do not determine the kind of thallus formed. The mycobiont is the dominant partner in determining the structure and chemistry of the cyanolichen (Rai, 1990c ;Culberson & Armaleo, 1992 ;Ahmadjian, 1993a,b). Different lichen fungi form different lichen thalli even if associating with the same cyanobiont.…”

Section: Cyanolichensmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tansley Review No. 116

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 449 I. INTRODUCTION 450 II. THE PARTNERS 451 1. Cyanobionts and their role 451 2. Hosts and their role 453 3. Location of cyanobionts in their hosts 455 III. INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SYMBIOSES 458 1. Initiation of symbioses 458 2. Geosiphon pyriforme 458 3. Cyanolichens 459 4. Liverworts and hornworts 460 5. Azolla 460 6. Cycads 461 7. Gunnera 461 IV. THE SYMBIOSES 462 1. Geographical distribution and ecological significance 462 2. Benefits to the partners 462 (a) Benefits to the cyanobionts 462 (b) Benefits to the hosts 463 3. Duration and stability 463 4. Mode of transmission and perpetuation 463 5. Recognition between the partners 464 6. Specificity and diversity 464 7. Symbiosis‐related genes 465 8. Modifications of the cyanobiont 466 (a) Growth and morphology 466 (b) Photosynthesis and carbon metabolism 467 (c) Glutamine synthetase 467 (d) Heterocysts 469 (e) N2fixation 470 9. Nutrient exchange 471 (a) Carbon 471 (b) Nitrogen 472 V. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS 472 VI. ARTIFICIAL SYMBIOSES 474 VII. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES 475 1. Cryptic symbioses 476 2. Developmental profile of symbiotic tissues 476 3. Sensing and signalling 476 4. Genetic aspects 476 5. Physiological and biochemical aspects of nutrient exchange 477 6. Microaerobiosis 477 7. Potential applications 477 Acknowledgements 477 References 477 Cyanobacteria are an ancient, morphologically diverse group of prokaryotes with an oxygenic photosynthesis. Many cyanobacteria also possess the ability to fix N2. Although well suited to an independent existence in nature, some cyanobacteria occur in symbiosis with a wide range of hosts (protists, animals and plants). Among plants, such symbioses have independently evolved in phylogenetically diverse genera belonging to the algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. These are N2‐fixing symbioses involving heterocystous cyanobacteria, particularly Nostoc, as cyanobionts (cyanobacterial partners). A given host species associates with only a particular cyanobiont genus but such specificity does not extend to the strain level. The cyanobiont is located under a microaerobic environment in a variety of host organs and tissues (bladder, thalli and cephalodia in fungi; cavities in gametophytes of hornworts and liverworts or fronds of the Azolla sporophyte; coralloid roots in cycads; stem glands in Gunnera). Except for fungi, the hosts form these structures ahead of the cyanobiont infection. The symbiosis lasts for one generation except in Azolla and diatoms, in which it is perpetuated from generation to generation. Within each generation, multiple fresh infections occur as new symbiotic tissues and organs develop. The symbioses are stable over a wide range of environmental conditions, and sensing–signalling between partners ensures their synchronized growth and development. The cyanobiont population is kept constant in relation to the host biomass through controlled initiation and infection, nutrient supply and cell division. In most cases, the partners have remaine...

show abstract

Section: Cyanobionts and Their Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyanolichensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 116

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Culberson C. F. & Armaleo (1992) showed that grayanic acid was not produced by cultured Cladonia grayi until aerial hyphae began to develop in the cultures. Stocker-Worgotter (2001) showed that baeomysesic and squamatic acids were not produced by Thamnolia vermicularis var.…”

Section: Effects Of Abiotic Parameters: Temperature Light Ph and Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies are beginning to accumulate that have linked environmental and culture conditions such as dehydration or aerial hyphal growth with production of secondary metabolites (Culberson C. F. & Armaleo, 1992) or exposure to strong light and drought (StockerWorgotter, 2001). Culberson C. F. & Armaleo (1992) showed that grayanic acid was not produced by cultured Cladonia grayi until aerial hyphae began to develop in the cultures.…”

Section: Effects Of Abiotic Parameters: Temperature Light Ph and Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Change on Secondary Metabolite Production in Lichen-Forming Fungi

Deduke¹,

Timsina²,

Piercey‐Normore³

2012

International Perspectives on Global Environmental Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Many of these substances are shown to exhibit a range of biological activities. [3,[52][53][54][55][56][57] TLC that uses several solvent systems is commonly used to detect the characteristic secondary metabolites in lichens. [26,58,59] In this study, the TLC showed the presence of two major compounds, viz., atranorin and zeorin.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of H Incanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJGP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Lichens represent one of the most successful symbiotic interactions and are formed from a photobiont and a mycobiont. The foliose lichen genus Heterodermia is one of the cosmopolitan lichen genera. The present study was conducted to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of Heterodermia incana (Stirt.) D.D. Awasthi, a foliose macrolichen belonging to the family Physciaceae. Materials and Methods: Extraction of dried and powdered lichen was carried out by maceration process. Antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated against 2 Gram-positive and 2 Gram-negative bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. Antifungal activity of extract was determined against 3 seedborne fungi by poisoned food technique. Results: Extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of all test bacteria in a concentration dependent manner with marked activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 2.26 ± 0.05 cm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (zone of inhibition 1.76 ± 0.05 cm) were inhibited to higher extent among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, at 10 mg/ml extract concentration. The extract was effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of test fungi in a concentration dependent manner. Among three fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Fusarium sp. > Curvularia sp. > Alternaria sp. At extract concentration 1 mg/ml, >60% inhibition of all test fungi was observed. Conclusion:The lichen H. incana is a promising resource of antimicrobial agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites such as atranorin and zeorin present in the extract. In suitable form, the lichen can be used as anti-infective agent and in the management of seedborne fungal diseases.

show abstract

Induction of a complete secondary-product pathway in a cultured lichen fungus

Cited by 98 publications

References 21 publications

Tansley Review No. 116

Tansley Review No. 116

Effect of Environmental Change on Secondary Metabolite Production in Lichen-Forming Fungi

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About