Induction, germination and shoot development of somatic embryos in cassava

Raemakers, C.J.J.M.; Bessembinder, Janette; Staritsky, G.; Jacobsen, E.; Visser, Richard G. F.

doi:10.1007/bf01983228

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…An effective regeneration method is available in cassava and the development of a transformation method is in progress [22], C. Raemakers et al, unpublished results). These techniques would be useful in the genetic engineering of this crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cDNA coding for branching enzyme in cassava

1992

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Branching enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylopectin in plant reserve starch. A cDNA coding for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) branching enzyme was cloned from a lambda gt11 cDNA library using a potato cDNA probe. The cloned cDNA was partially sequenced. The sequence data confirmed the identity of the clone when compared to that of potato, the homology being ca. 80% at the nucleotide level and 85% at the amino acid level. Furthermore, the cloned cassava cDNA was able to restore branching enzyme activity in a branching enzyme deficient Escherichia coli mutant. Results of the Southern analysis suggested that there is a single gene for this particular branching enzyme in the cassava genome. Study of expression patterns by northern hybridization showed that the gene is highly expressed in tubers. The transcript is detectable in stem and petiole, but not in leaves. In roots, the mRNA is hardly present. The expression levels at different stages of tuber growth are similar with exception of very young tubers in which it is relatively low. It is also shown that there is a difference in the level of branching enzyme expression between different cassava genotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cDNA coding for branching enzyme in cassava

1992

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“…In cassava, an effective regeneration method is available [ 33 ] and the development of a transformation method is in progress in our laboratory. Thus, having obtained these results in a heterologous (potato) background all the essential prerequisites are fulfilled to obtain similar results in cassava.…”

Section: Antisense Effects Of Cassava Gbss In a Heterologous ~Vstemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding granule-bound starch synthase in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its antisense expression in potato

1993

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A tuber-specific cDNA library of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was constructed and a full-length cDNA for granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, also known as waxy protein), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in reserve starch, was cloned. Sequencing of the cloned cDNA showed that it has 74% identity with potato GBSS and 60-72% identity with GBSS from other plant species. The cDNA encodes a 608 amino acid protein of which 78 amino acids form a chloroplast/amyloplast transit peptide of 8.37 kDa. The mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 58.61 kDa (530 amino acids). Comparison of the GBSS proteins of various plant species and glycogen synthase of bacteria showed extensive identity among the mature form of plant GBSS proteins, in which the monocots and dicots form two separate branches in the evolutionary tree. From analysis of the genomic DNA of allotetraploid cassava, it is shown that GBSS is a low-copy-number gene. GBSS transcript is synthesized in a number of different organs, but most abundantly in tubers. Potato plants were transformed with the cassava GBSS cDNA in antisense orientation fused between the potato GBSS promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator. The expression of the endogenous GBSS gene in these transgenic potato plants was partially or completely inhibited. Complete inhibition of GBSS activity by the cassava antisense gene resulted in absence of GBSS protein and amylose giving rise to almost complete amylose-free potato starch. This shows that also heterologous genes can be used to achieve antisense effects in other plant species.

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“…Recent attempts to develop in vitro regeneration systems for molecular and cellular investigations have focussed largely on somatic embryogenesis (Stamp, 1986;Stamp and Henshaw, 1987;Szabados et al, 1987). Despite recent improvements in this culture system (Mathews et al, 1993;Raemakers et al, 1993), there is still no single, relatively genotype-independent regeneration system suitable for the efficient application of genetic transformation technology to cassava.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of in vitro shoot proliferation from nodal explants of cassava by thidiazuron, benzyladenine and gibberellic acid

Bhagwat

Vieiral

Erickson

1996

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Multiple shoots were produced from nodal explants of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) by a two-step procedure: a 6-to 8-day exposure to 0.11 -0.22 #M thidiazuron (TDZ) in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium followed by culture on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with 2.2 #M 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1.6 #M gibberellic acid (GA3). TDZ caused the nodal explants to expand and this expansion (growth) continued during culture with BA and GA3. From this expanded explant, clusters of buds and fasciated stems developed continuously and these gave rise to shoots. The shoot proliferation process was open-ended, yielding an average of 31.5 shoots per nodal explant after 10 weeks of culture with genotype CG 1-56. A positive response was also obtained from seven other genotypes evaluated with this protocol.Abbreviations: BA -6-benzyladenine; BM -basal medium; DPU -1,3-diphenylurea; GA3 -gibberellic acid; 2iP -isopentenyladenine; MSM -multiple shoot medium; NAA -1-naphthaleneacetic acid; PGR -plant growth regulator; TDZ -thidiazuron; Z -zeatin

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Induction, germination and shoot development of somatic embryos in cassava

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cDNA coding for branching enzyme in cassava

Cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cDNA coding for branching enzyme in cassava

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding granule-bound starch synthase in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its antisense expression in potato

Stimulation of in vitro shoot proliferation from nodal explants of cassava by thidiazuron, benzyladenine and gibberellic acid

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