Induction and inhibition of cicletanine metabolism in cultured hepatocytes and liver microsomes from rats

Abstract

Cicletanine, a racemic furopyridine derivative synthesized as racemate, is used as an antihypertensive agent. Its two enantiomers are involved in the pharmacological effects of the drug. Cicletanine is metabolized by conjugation enzyme systems (phase II) into sulfoconjugated or glucuroconjugated enantiomers. This study reports on the use of both the induction with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or phenobarbital (PB) and inhibition with selective compounds to determine and identify UGT isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of cicletanine enantiomers. PB and 3-MC both enhanced the cicletanine enantiomer glucuronidation. These two compounds being known as inducing agents of UGT2B1 and UGTIA6 isoforms, respectively, this suggests an implication of UGT2B1 and UGT1A6 isoforms in the metabolism of the two cicletanine enantiomers: ( + )-cicletanine and ( - )-cicletanine. The use of selective compounds for inhibition study evidenced, in addition to UGT2B1 and UGT1A6 isoforms, the involvement of other UGT isoforms such as UGT1A1, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 in cicletanine metabolism.

Comparative kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresol versus creatinine in rats with and without renal failure

“…It remains open for discussion whether a similar effect could be obtained for p-cresol by enhancing its glucuronidation. Drugs such as phenobarbital have been demonstrated to enhance the glucuronidation process [45], but the clinical usefulness of such an approach remains as yet debatable. In addition, if uremic retention hampers non-renal clearance, as is suggested by the present data (Fig.…”