Comparative kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresol versus creatinine in rats with and without renal failure

Lesaffer, Gerrit; Smet, Rita De; D'heuvaert, Tommy; Belpaire, Frans; Lameire, Norbert; Vanholder, Raymond

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00228.x

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Table 3 shows the serum concentration and total mass removal of proteinbound URMs at month 24 for anuric and non-anuric PD (20). The dialytic clearance of protein-bound URMs is limited (6,21) because only the free fraction is available for diffusion across the dialysis membrane (22). In contrast to prevailing beliefs, high-flux hemodialysis was shown to be better than PD at clearing PCS (23).…”

Section: Time Profiles Of Urm Serum Concentrations Clearances and Total Mass Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentrations of p-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate, But Not Inflammatory Markers, Increase in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Parallel with Loss of Residual Renal Function

et al. 2014

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♦ Background: High serum concentrations of the proteinbound uremic retention solutes p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IndS) and inflammation are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Renal clearance contributes to up to 80% of the total clearance of PCS and IndS in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Cross-sectional studies evaluating the impact of residual renal function (RRF) on serum concentrations of PCS, IndS, and circulating inflammatory markers have yielded conflicting results. ♦ Methods: To clarify this issue, we carried out a prospective observational cohort study in incident PD patients (n = 35; 19 men; mean age: 55 ± 17 years). Midday blood samples were collected and analyzed for total serum PCS, IndS, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity interleukin 6. Peritoneal and renal clearances were calculated from urine and dialysate collections, and RRF was calculated as the mean of renal urea nitrogen and creatinine clearances. Patients were assessed 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after PD start. Differences between time points were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs). ♦ Results: Residual renal function declined significantly over time (LMM p < 0.0001). Peritoneal clearances of both toxins tended to increase, but did not compensate for the declining renal clearances. Serum concentrations of PCS and IndS increased significantly over time (LMM p = 0.01; p = 0.0009). In contrast, total mass removal of both toxins remained stable. Circulating inflammatory markers did not change over time. ♦ Conclusions: Our data indicate that serum concentrations of PCS and IndS, but not inflammatory markers, increase in incident PD patients in parallel with loss of RRF.

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Section: Time Profiles Of Urm Serum Concentrations Clearances and Total Mass Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentrations of p-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate, But Not Inflammatory Markers, Increase in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Parallel with Loss of Residual Renal Function

et al. 2014

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“…The serum levels of the uremic toxin, PCS, are elevated (~30 times higher than in healthy subjects as renal dysfunction progresses, based on extrapolation of the p-cresol data [18]). The ratio is even higher (100 or more) for the free fraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic anion transporters play an important role in the uptake of p-cresyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, in the kidney

Miyamoto

Watanabe

Noguchi

et al. 2011

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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“…The flow diagram of the study is presented in Figure 3. When determining the duration of wash-in and wash-out periods, we considered the half-life of uremic toxins and inflammation markers, e.g., the half-life for IL-6 is in the range of 2-15 h [40][41][42]; for CRP, 18-19 h [43,44], and it is constant; the reported When determining the duration of wash-in and wash-out periods, we considered the half-life of uremic toxins and inflammation markers, e.g., the half-life for IL-6 is in the range of 2-15 h [40][41][42]; for CRP, 18-19 h [43,44], and it is constant; the reported experimental animal half-life for p-cresol sulfate is up to 12 h [45]. Taking these data into account, we considered that a two-week wash-in period provides an appropriate time margin.…”

Section: Discussion and An Interventional Trial Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membrane and Dietary Fiber Effects on Inflammation and Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins: A Systematic Review and Protocol for an Interventional Study

Herič

Vivoda

Bogataj

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of the use of a medium cut-off membrane (MCO) and dietary fiber on the concentration of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Of 11,397 papers originally found, eight met the criteria of randomized controlled trial design. No study examined the effects of MCO membranes on PBUTs. Three studies examined the reduction in inflammatory markers with MCO membranes compared to high-flux HD membranes and showed no significant differences. Five studies of dietary fiber supplementation showed an inconclusive positive effect on PBUT levels and a significant positive effect on the reduction in inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 reduction: standardized difference in means −1.18; 95% confidence interval −1.45 to −0.9 for dietary fiber supplementation vs. control; p < 0.001). To date, no study has combined the use of an MCO membrane and fiber supplementation to reduce PBUT levels and inflammation with online hemodiafiltration as a comparator. A rationale and protocol for an interventional trial using a combination of MCO membrane dialysis and fiber supplementation to lower inflammatory markers and PBUT concentrations are presented.

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Comparative kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresol versus creatinine in rats with and without renal failure

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Serum Concentrations of p-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate, But Not Inflammatory Markers, Increase in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Parallel with Loss of Residual Renal Function

Serum Concentrations of p-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate, But Not Inflammatory Markers, Increase in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Parallel with Loss of Residual Renal Function

Organic anion transporters play an important role in the uptake of p-cresyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, in the kidney

Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membrane and Dietary Fiber Effects on Inflammation and Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins: A Systematic Review and Protocol for an Interventional Study

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