Induction and identification of tetraploids using in vitro colchicine treatment of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella

Abstract

To induce variation through chromosome doubling in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella, twoweek-old in vitro grown shoots were treated with various concentrations of colchicine (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1% w/v) for 2, 4 or 8 h. Treated shoots were then cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8.8 lM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 155 lM adenine sulphate (ADS), and subsequently transferred to fresh MS medium containing 2.85 lM indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) for rooting. When shoots were treated with 0.1% colchicine for 8 h, 64% of recovered plantlets were tetraploid. Ploidy of plantlets was confirmed by flow cytometry, stomatal analysis, and morphological characters. Tetraploid plantlets displayed slower proliferation along with higher vigor and thickened broad leaves. Moreover, tetraploid plants developed larger flowers, longer stalks, and have improved vase-life, all contributing to higher ornamental value of gerbera.

Phenotypic and genome size changes (variation) in synthetic tetraploids of daylily (Hemerocallis) in relation to their diploid counterparts

“…Similar observations concerning enhancement of cells, stomata, and organs were noted in newly obtained autotetraploids of Zantedeschia (Cohen and Yao 1996), Chaenomeles japonica (Stanys et al 2006), potato (Stupar et al 2007), Nicotiana sp. (Anssour et al 2009), and Gerbera jamesonii (Gantait et al 2011). Zhang et al (2013) reported that naturally occurring triploid genotypes and tetraploid cultivars of Hemerocallis had significantly thicker flower stems and wider leaves similarly as in our tetraploid plants.…”

“…Additionally, the tetraploids flowered in lower percentages. Similar delays in flowering time of a few days were Data of the nuclear DNA content represent mean ± SD of three samples each with two replications noted in autotetraploids of Zizyphus jujube (Gu et al 2005) and Gerbera jamesonii (Gantait et al 2011) and delays of 2 and 3 weeks in Citrullus lanatus (Jaskani et al 2005) and Vicia villosa (Elradi and Unal 2010), respectively. Our observations showed that initial growth of tetraploids was very slow, but during the next season tetraploids were significantly larger than diploids.…”

“…Therefore, synthetic polyploidisation has been utilised for breeding for many years. Recently, in vitro polyploidisation techniques have been developed for Salix viminalis (Wojciechowicz 2009), Humulus lupulus (TrojakGoluch and Skomra 2013), Miscanthus (Głowacka et al 2010), tulip (Podwyszyńska 2011), Centella asiatica (Kaensaksiri et al 2011), Pyrus communis (Sun et al 2011), and Gerbera jamesonii (Gantait et al 2011).…”

ROOTING SHOOTS OF APPLE VARIETIES AND THEIR TETRAPLOIDS OBTAINED BY THE in vitro TECHNIQUE

“…The above-mentioned authors also observed that in vitro produced neo-tetraploid shoots are generally shorted and have wider leaves darker colour compared to diploid ones. Shoot regeneration potential from leaves in pear [Gantait et al 2011] and shoot multiplication rate in gerbera [Sun et al 2011] were significantly lower in tetraploids compared to diploids. In gerbera, shoots of tetraploids required longer period to produced roots and the roots were shorter and less numerous compared to those of diploids.…”

“…Differences in phenotype and in vitro growth behaviour between diploids and their neotetraploids were reported for several plant species, e.g. watermelon [Compton et al 1993], gerbera [Gantait et al 2011] and pear [Sun et al 2011]. The above-mentioned authors also observed that in vitro produced neo-tetraploid shoots are generally shorted and have wider leaves darker colour compared to diploid ones.…”