Induced Periosteum-Mimicking Membrane with Cell Barrier and Multipotential Stromal Cell (MSC) Homing Functionalities

Abstract

The current management of critical size bone defects (CSBDs) remains challenging and requires multiple surgeries. To reduce the number of surgeries, wrapping a biodegradable fibrous membrane around the defect to contain the graft and carry biological stimulants for repair is highly desirable. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can be utilised to realise nonwoven fibrous barrier-like structures through free surface electrospinning (FSE). Human periosteum and induced membrane (IM) samples informed the development of an FSE membrane to support platelet lysate (PL) absorption, multipotential stromal cells (MSC) growth, and the prevention of cell migration. Although thinner than IM, periosteum presented a more mature vascular system with a significantly larger blood vessel diameter. The electrospun membrane (PCL3%-E) exhibited randomly configured nanoscale fibres that were successfully customised to introduce pores of increased diameter, without compromising tensile properties. Additional to the PL absorption and release capabilities needed for MSC attraction and growth, PCL3%-E also provided a favourable surface for the proliferation and alignment of periosteum- and bone marrow derived-MSCs, whilst possessing a barrier function to cell migration. These results demonstrate the development of a promising biodegradable barrier membrane enabling PL release and MSC colonisation, two key functionalities needed for the in situ formation of a transitional periosteum-like structure, enabling movement towards single-surgery CSBD reconstruction.

One Stage Masquelets Technique: Evaluation of Different Forms of Membrane Filling with and without Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMC) in Large Femoral Bone Defects in Rats

“…For process optimization, a membrane substitute is needed that functions as a selective-permeable barrier and allows cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Although initial in vitro experiments with artificial membranes, such as polycaprolactone, are promising, there is no real alternative to the induced membrane yet [23]. In recent work, our group was able to successfully use the human decellularized dermis (DCD) as a membrane substitute [24].…”

Silicone rubber sealed channel induced self-healing of large bone defects: Where is the limit of self-healing of bone?

“…This process is accompanied by the development of an inflammatory response [ 45 , 46 ] that leads to hematoma coagulation between and around the fracture ends and formation of a precursor template for the intramedullary callus [ 47 ]. During the inflammatory response, MSCs undergo a process of selective migration to the injury site and continuously secrete various trophic factors, a function called “homing” [ [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] ]. Initial pro-inflammatory factors include tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL- 6), interleukin-11 (IL-11) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) [ 47 ].…”

Nano artificial periosteum PLGA/MgO/Quercetin accelerates repair of bone defects through promoting osteogenic − angiogenic coupling effect via Wnt/ β-catenin pathway

“…Nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning are a promising artificial periosteum, owing to their similarity to the extracellular matrix and periosteum structure; this helps to induce osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and neovascularization [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Biomaterials prepared by electrospinning have been proved to promote critical-size bone defect repair [ 11 ].…”