Induced nucleation by gassing and its monitoring for the design and operation of an MSMPR cascade

Protein crystallisation with air bubble templates: case of gas–liquid–solid interfaces

“…For crystallisation of adipic acid, it was found that gassing induced nucleation and gave a narrower crystal size, even when the gas was applied close to the supersaturation limit [17]. In an L-alanine crystallisation in a MSMPR cascade, the dispersion of air bubbles into a slightly supersaturated solution, produced crystals with a smaller mean size and a narrower size distribution [18]. The utilisation of micro-bubble techniques has also expanded into the research of organic compounds for polymorph control.…”

Equipment and Separation Units for Flow Chemistry Applications and Process Development

“…In general, continuous crystallization is performed in two basic apparatuses, namely, on the one hand in the continuously stirred tank (CST), especially the mixed-suspension, mixedproduct-removal (MSPMR) [26][27][28][29][30], and on the other hand in the plug flow (PF) [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. There are many variants of both types, which are described in literature [39,40].…”

Design and Hydrodynamic Characterization of a Draft Tube Baffle Tank for Lab‐Scale

“…Particularly interesting is a commercially available continuous oscillatory baffled crystallizer (COBC) . Further continuously operated crystallizers are based on the coiled flow inverter (CFI) design , on a cascade of multistage mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizers , , and on the draft tube baffle (DTB) crystallizer, whose draft, construction method and suspension behavior is presented below.…”