“…Particle separation is an essential process prior to water quality analysis 1 , nanoscale exosomes isolation 2, 3 , early-stage cancer diagnosis 4 , uniform-size (microscale or nanoscale) graphene isolation 5,6 , the transesterification of microalgal lipids to biodiesel 7 and so on 8 . For such purposes, many effective methods of separation have been developed, including acoustic waves 4,9 , dielectrophoresis (DEP) [10][11][12] , magnetism 7,13 , optical field 14,15 , and centrifugation 16 . Although each method has its specific advantages, each is also limited by natural drawbacks.…”