Induced Autophagy of Macrophages and the Regulation of Inflammatory Effects by Perovskite Nanomaterial LaNiO3

Abstract

Perovskite nanomaterials (NMs) possess excellent physicochemical properties and have promising applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, photodetectors, and artificial synapse electronics. Potential exposure to these NMs happens in the manufacture and application of the perovskite-based products, however, the biological safety of these NMs is still unknown. Here, we used the LaNiO3 NM (LNO), a typical kind of perovskite nanostructures to study the interaction with macrophages (J774A.1) and to explore its biological effects at the cellular level. Firstly, we characterized the properties of LNO including the size, shape, and crystal structure using Transmission electronic microscope (TEM), Dynamic lighting scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Secondly, to gain a better understanding of the biological effect, we evaluated the effect of LNO on cell viability and found that LNO induced cell autophagy at a concentration of 5 μg/ml and influenced the inflammatory response based on RT-PCR result. Finally, we demonstrated the mechanism that LNO causes cell autophagy and immune response is probably due to the metal ions released from LNO in acidic lysosomes, which triggered ROS and increased lysosomal membrane permeation. This study indicates the safety aspect of perovskite NMs and may guide the rational design of perovskite NMs with more biocompatibility during their manufacture and application.

The Distinct Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Tune Immune Responses against mRNA Antigen via Stimulator of Interferon Genes-Mediated Autophagy and Inflammasome

“…However, it was weird that H-CS NP could evoke the most potent STING activation but could not promote the most powerful NLRP3 inflammasome among all polysaccharide nanoparticles, since it 31,32 Intriguingly, it has been reported that nanoparticles induced autophagy in various cell types to reduce NLRP3 levels for maintaining inflammation balance. 33,34 This may address the question that CS NPs-induced NLRP3 inflammasome exhibited a different MW-dependent trend with STING signaling. Therefore, we further investigated the modulation of autophagy by polysaccharide nanoparticles with different MWs.…”

“…The autophagy process in immune cells initiated by adjuvants or antigens can modulate antigen cross-presentation, DC cell activation and T cell functions, contributing to the immunoenhancing effects of vaccines. , Intriguingly, it has been reported that nanoparticles induced autophagy in various cell types to reduce NLRP3 levels for maintaining inflammation balance. , This may address the question that CS NPs-induced NLRP3 inflammasome exhibited a different MW-dependent trend with STING signaling. Therefore, we further investigated the modulation of autophagy by polysaccharide nanoparticles with different MWs.…”