Induced anti-predator responses of the green mussel, Perna viridis (L.), on exposure to the predatory gastropod, Thais clavigera K�ster, and the swimming crab, Thalamita danae Stimpson

Cheung, S.G.; Lam, Stephen Wang-Cheung; Gao, Qinfeng; Mak, K. K.; Shin, Paul K.S.

doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1233-2

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Small mussels increased shell mass in predator treatments, which has been reported for other mussel species (Smith & Jennings 2000, Cheung et al 2004). Smaller mussels did not reduce soft tissue growth in predator treatments even though they grew a thicker shell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Bivalves have routinely been used in studies of phenotypic plasticity, and have been shown to produce thicker shells after exposure to predator exudates (Leonard et al 1999, Nakaoka 2000, Smith & Jennings 2000, Caro & Castilla 2004, Cheung et al 2004. In addition to increasing shell thickness in the presence of crushing predators (crabs), mussels (Mytilus edulis) also increased byssal thread production to increase the force needed by predators to remove them from hard substrates (Cote 1995, Leonard et al 1999, Shin et al 2009) and to increase abductor muscle mass for some predators (whelks) (Freeman 2007, Freeman et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size matters for risk assessment and resource allocation in bivalves

Johnson¹,

Smee²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Nonlethal predator effects can significantly influence trophic interactions, and in this study we examined how size relationships between predators and prey would influence the expression of nonlethal predator effects. We assessed how size and vulnerability to predators would influence nonlethal effects in bivalve species common to oyster reefs. We used 2 size classes of mussels Ischadium recurvum, clams Mercenaria mercenaria, and oysters Crassostrea virginica as prey and compared energy allocation and growth of small vs. large bivalves in the presence of Atlantic mud crabs Panopeus herbstii, a common, resident reef predator. After a 45 d field experiment, we observed significant differences in growth among bivalves in response to mud crabs, but the effects were size and species dependent. In the presence of mud crabs, small clams and small oysters grew significantly less soft-tissue, small mussels grew more shell mass, large clams grew less shell mass, and large mussels grew less tissue and shell mass. Significant differences in the growth of larger oysters were not found. Changes in growth reflect resource allocation differences in response to predators and most likely resulted from costs associated with feeding reductions to minimize release of metabolites attractive to predators and/or allocation of additional energy for morphological defense to minimize predation risk. Fecundity is positively correlated with size in bivalves, and the ability to detect predation risk and appropriately allocate resources may be important for future reproductive output of these species. Smaller bivalves were more vulnerable to mud crab predators in laboratory feeding assays. Since size is inversely related to bivalve susceptibility to mud crabs predation, slower growth may lengthen the time that these bivalves are vulnerable to mud crabs and therefore increase their mortality. Results from this study suggest that mud crabs can affect the growth and fecundity of commercially important bivalves by nonlethal interactions and that size is an important consideration when investigating the propagation of nonlethal predator effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size matters for risk assessment and resource allocation in bivalves

Johnson¹,

Smee²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Bivalves readily utilize chemical exudates that emanate from predators and from injured conspecifics to evaluate predation risk (Caro & Castilla 2004, Cheung et al 2004, Smee & Weissburg 2006b. They respond to risk by increasing their burrowing depth (Griffiths & Richardson 2006, Flynn & Smee 2010, reducing their feeding behavior (Smee & Weissburg 2006a,b, Naddafi et al 2007, and increasing their shell thickness (Trussell & Smith 2000, Caro & Castilla 2004, Freeman & Byers 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica deter crab predators by altering their morphology in response to crab cues

Robinson¹,

Lunt²,

Marshall³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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“…It is favourable because shell growth is vital for not only continuing somatic growth, but also offering physical protection, especially under life-threatening conditions (e.g. harder shells produced at a higher rate under predation risk) (Cheung et al, 2004;Brookes and Rochette, 2007;Hirsch et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…following non-lethal shell damage), harder and stiffer shells were 185 produced at a higher rate, despite the reduced energy intake by feeding. This is a typical anti-predator response since shell repair should be prioritized to restore and enhance protection (Cheung et al, 2004;Hirsch et al, 2013;Brom et al, 2015). This response can be achieved by downregulating the less essential physiological processes or activities as trade-offs (Rundle and Brönmark, 2001;Trussell and Nicklin, 2002;Hoverman and Relyea, 2009;Babarro et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing mineralogical properties of shells may help minimize the impact of hypoxia-induced metabolic depression on calcification

Leung

Cheung

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The occurrence of hypoxia becomes more prevalent in coastal and marine waters due to ocean warming and human-induced eutrophication. While hypoxia is expected to hamper calcification via metabolic depression, 10 recent studies showed that some calcifying organisms can maintain normal shell growth. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but may be associated with energy reallocation or mineralogical plasticity which reduces the energy demand for calcification. We tested the hypothesis that shell growth can be maintained under hypoxia by compromising the mechanical strength of shells as the trade-off, or changing the mineralogical properties of shells. The respiration rate, clearance rate, shell growth rate and shell properties of a calcifying polychaete (Hydroides diramphus) were 15 determined under normoxia or hypoxia in two contexts (life-threatening and unthreatened conditions). Despite the reduced respiration rate and clearance rate under hypoxia, harder and stiffer shells were still produced at a higher rate under life-threatening conditions. The maintenance of this anti-predator response is possibly attributed to the reduced energy demand for calcification by altering mineralogical properties (e.g. increased calcite to aragonite ratio). Our findings suggest that this compensatory mechanism may enable calcifying organisms to maintain calcification under 20 hypoxia and acclimate to the future metabolically stressful environment.

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Induced anti-predator responses of the green mussel, Perna viridis (L.), on exposure to the predatory gastropod, Thais clavigera K�ster, and the swimming crab, Thalamita danae Stimpson

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

Size matters for risk assessment and resource allocation in bivalves

Size matters for risk assessment and resource allocation in bivalves

Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica deter crab predators by altering their morphology in response to crab cues

Changing mineralogical properties of shells may help minimize the impact of hypoxia-induced metabolic depression on calcification

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