Induced androgenesis of Capsicum frutescens L.

Abstract

De part ment of Ge net ics and Plant Breed ing, Uni ver sity of Tech nol ogy and Ag ri cul ture, Ab stractThe aim of the re search was to make a pre lim i nary de ter mi nation of the ef fec tive ness of the in duc tion of hap loids in Cap sicum frutescens L. In or der to in duce androgenesis red and yellow fruit forms of spe cies were used, each bred by the re searchers on their own. The ex per i ment was per formed in Oc to ber. An ther cul tures were con ducted ac cord ing to a mod i fied method de vel oped by Dumas et al. (1981) for C. annuum L. The an thers were laid on CP me dium con tain ing 0.01 mg·dm -3 2.4-D and 0.01 mg·dm -3 kinetin, with the ad di tion of 0.5 g·dm -3 of ac ti vated car bon and 5 mg×dm -3 of sil ver ni trate, solid i fied with 8 g·dm -3 of agar. The cul tures were in cu bated in the dark at 35 deg C for 8 days. Next they were trans ferred to 25 deg C un der a 12-hour photoperiod. Af ter 14 days of in duc tion, an thers were trans ferred to R 1 me dium sup ple mented with 0.1 mg·dm -3 kinetin. Ob tained em bryos were sub se quently transplanted onto V 3 hor mone-free me dium and well grow ing plants were planted in green houses. The ef fi ciency of androgenesis for both C. frutescens L. forms was rel a tively low and it did not ex ceed 5 %. The ploidy level of the re sult ing plants was de ter mined by flow-cytometric anal y sis. The regenerants con sisted of about equal num bers of hap loids and dip loids. Addi tion ally, among plants re gen er ated from an thers of yel low fruit forms, two mixoploids were ob served. In tro duc tionCap si cum frutescens L. plays an im por tant part among veg e ta bles, spices and med i cal plants. It is used not only in the ar eas where it orig i nated from (Carvalho et al. 2003), but also in Asia (Sreelathakumary and Rajmony 2003) and Af rica (Alegbejo and Orakwue 2002). The spe cies is a source of many in ter est ing fea tures and the fea ture-con dition ing genes. There fore it can be crossed with C. annuum L., be ing the most sig nif i cant of Cap si cum spe cies, which gives the op por tu nity of greater genetic vari a tion. The re cent re search car ried out in this re spect Olszewska 1999, Nowaczyk and Nowaczyk 2004a, b) has pointed to the prac ti ca bil ity of C. frutescens L. ge no types.One of the re cent breed ing meth ods, which have been suc cess fully used in C. annuum L. breed ing for twenty years in or der to ob tain fully homozygotic lines of dou bled hap loids (DH), is androgenesis. How ever, de spite a se ries of im prove ments of the pro cess-in duc ing method de vel oped by Dumas et al. (1981) con cern ing the changes in the com po si tion of cul ture me dia used at sub se quent stages of an ther cul ture (Vagera and Havranek 1985, Nervo et al. 1995, Dolcet-Sanjuan et al. 1997, which made it pos si ble to achieve high androgenesis ef fec tive ness of Cap si cum an num L., it is dif fi cult to trace in lit er a ture any in for ma tion on ob tain ing hap loid plants through an an ther culture of C. frutescens L. On the other hand ...

Androgenic response of genotypes selected from Capsicum annuum L. × C. chinense Jacq. hybrids

“…None of the observed callus tissues were embryogenic, and during the subsequent stages of culture they changed their colour into brown and died out. Similar results were observed in experiments on Capsicum frutescens L. genotypes (Nowaczyk et al 2006).…”

Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops

“…A year after, androgenesis induction in European varieties was reported (Novak 1974). Thereafter a number of cultivars, mostly of C. annuum, and interspecific crosses have been tested for responsiveness to anther culture (Sibi et al 1979;Morrison et al 1986;Kristiansen and Andersen 1993;Mityko et al 1995;Nowaczyk et al 2006;Gémes Juhász et al 2009). …”

Androgenic response of Capsicum interspecific hybrids and capsaicinoid characteristics of DH lines

“…In experiments on the improvement of isolated microspore culture carried out by Lantos et al [6] half of six cultivars gave androgenic plantlets only. A different reaction of some C. frutescens L. forms is also known [7], however, but no experimental data are available for genotypes being the hybrid progeny of the abovementioned species. The aim of the present research was an attempt to define the applicability of the soft-flesh hybrids obtained as a result of the C. frutescens L. and C. annuum L. crossing to haploid induction in in vitro anther culture as well as the evaluation of capsaicinoid profile of DH lines, the practical effect of investigation.…”