Induced androgenesis in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Загорска, Н.; Shtereva, A Lydia; Dimitrov, B.; Kruleva, M.

doi:10.1007/s002990050519

“…As usual in most of the androgenic systems known to date, the genotype plays an important role. In particular, male-sterile mutant lines have been shown to be especially sensitive to induction (Zamir et al 1980;Zagorska et al 1998;Seguí-Simarro and Nuez 2007 On the one hand, this study confirmed that it is possible to induce androgenesis from meiocytes as long as they are in vitro cultured within the anthers, as previously shown Seguí-Simarro and Nuez 2005 environment, devoid of the protective and nutritive role of the zygotic endosperm. This is not surprising since embryos rescued from interspecific or intergeneric crosses frequently abort at different developmental stages due to disturbances in endosperm development (reviewed in Bhatia et al 2004).…”

Section: Androgenic Dhs In Tomatosupporting

confidence: 69%

Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region

Ibiza

¹

,

Blanca

²

,

Cañizares

³

et al. 2011

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 Abstract Tomato, eggplant and pepper are three solanaceous crops of outstanding importance worldwide. Thus, a fast and cheap method to produce pure (homozygous) lines is a priority for breeders. Traditionally, pure lines are produced by classical inbreeding and selection techniques, which are time consuming (several years) and costly. Alternatively, it has become possible to accelerate the production of homozygous lines through a biotechnological approach: the induction of androgenesis to generate doubled haploid (homozygous) plants. This biotechnological in vitro tool reduces the process to only one generation, which implies important time and costs savings. These facts make androgenic doubled haploids the choice in a number of important crops where the methodology is well set up. Unfortunately, recalcitrant solanaceous crops such as tomato, eggplant and pepper are still far from an efficient and reliable technology to be applied to different genotypes in breeding programs on a routine basis. In eggplant and pepper, only anther cultures are known to work relatively well. Unfortunately, a more efficient and promising technique, the culture of isolated microspores, is not sufficiently developed yet. In tomato, none of these methods is available. However, recent advances in the knowledge of zygotic and androgenic embryo development are filling the gaps and opening new ways to achieve the final goal of an efficient protocol in these three recalcitrant species. In this review, we outline the state of the art on androgenic induction in tomato, eggplant and pepper, and postulate new experimental ways in order to overcome current limitations.

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“…As usual in most of the androgenic systems known to date, the genotype plays an important role. In particular, male-sterile mutant lines have been shown to be especially sensitive to induction (Zamir et al 1980;Zagorska et al 1998;Seguí-Simarro and Nuez 2007). It is noteworthy that male-sterile phenotypes are usually manifested at the late meiocyte stage, which in most cases overlap with the inductive window of tomato anther cultures.…”

Section: Androgenic Dhs In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops

Seguí-Simarro

¹

,

Corral-Martínez

²

,

Parra-Vega

³

et al. 2010

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 Abstract Tomato, eggplant and pepper are three solanaceous crops of outstanding importance worldwide. Thus, a fast and cheap method to produce pure (homozygous) lines is a priority for breeders. Traditionally, pure lines are produced by classical inbreeding and selection techniques, which are time consuming (several years) and costly. Alternatively, it has become possible to accelerate the production of homozygous lines through a biotechnological approach: the induction of androgenesis to generate doubled haploid (homozygous) plants. This biotechnological in vitro tool reduces the process to only one generation, which implies important time and costs savings. These facts make androgenic doubled haploids the choice in a number of important crops where the methodology is well set up. Unfortunately, recalcitrant solanaceous crops such as tomato, eggplant and pepper are still far from an efficient and reliable technology to be applied to different genotypes in breeding programs on a routine basis. In eggplant and pepper, only anther cultures are known to work relatively well. Unfortunately, a more efficient and promising technique, the culture of isolated microspores, is not sufficiently developed yet. In tomato, none of these methods is available. However, recent advances in the knowledge of zygotic and androgenic embryo development are filling the gaps and opening new ways to achieve the final goal of an efficient protocol in these three recalcitrant species. In this review, we outline the state of the art on androgenic induction in tomato, eggplant and pepper, and postulate new experimental ways in order to overcome current limitations.

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“…Some calli did not respond to organogenesis, whereas others gave rise to more than one regenerant. Despite the fact that regenerants originating from the same callus may be clones, we decided to study the entire set of plants obtained, for the following reasons: (1) frequent mixoploidy in anther-derived calli is welldocumented (Seguí-Simarro andNuez 2005, 2007;Zagorska et al 1998Zagorska et al , 2004 and it implies the possibility of genetically different individuals originating from different regions of the same mixoploid callus; (2) all plants regenerated from a single callus may provide information about the regenerative capacity of the different tissues involved in the callus and plant production.…”

Section: Flow Cytometric Morphological and Molecular Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different laboratories have reported induction of calli (Dao and Shamina 1978;Summers 1990, 1991;Sharp et al 1972) or embryo-like multicellular structures (Dao and Shamina 1978;Varghese and Gulshan 1986), and regeneration of roots (Gresshoff and Doy 1972;Gulshan and Sharma 1981;Levenko et al 1977;Sharp and Dougall 1971) or apical shoots (Ma et al 1999). Only two laboratories have published on the regeneration of entire plants with a clear haploid origin (Seguí-Simarro andNuez 2005, 2007;Zagorska et al 1998Zagorska et al , 2004, but also with a high percentage of mixoploid calli and at a low general efficiency of the process. At present, a detailed study about the causes of such a low efficiency and the impact of somatic tissues on the total of calli produced is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second critical issue is the genotype. Some malesterile mutant lines of different tomato cultivars have been reported as especially sensitive to the induction of androgenic calli (Seguí-Simarro andNuez 2005, 2007;Zagorska et al 1998Zagorska et al , 2004Zamir et al 1980). Specifically, male-sterile tomato lines carrying the mutant gene ms10 35 exhibited an increased production of callus masses compared to the fertile lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic, quantitative and microscopic evidence for fusion of haploid nuclei and growth of somatic calli in cultured ms10 35 tomato anthers

Corral-Martínez

¹

,

Nuez

²

,

Seguí-Simarro

³

2010

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In plant breeding, androgenic doubled haploids represent powerful tools to save time and resources for pure line generation. While in many species efficient protocols are known, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the knowledge on the induction of androgenesis is still very scarce, and little is known about the particularities of this highly recalcitrant species. The only known method capable of yielding haploid/doubled haploid tomato plants is anther culture. However, this method has important limitations, including low efficiency of haploid induction and a low proportion of spontaneously doubled haploids. To understand these limitations better, we have analyzed the process of callus formation in anthers of tomato lines carrying the ms10 35 gene for male-sterility, using light and electron microscopy, flow cytometry and genetic analysis with morphological and molecular markers. Our results demonstrate that haploid, doubled haploid and diploid calli occur in tomato anthers, although at different frequencies. Diploid calli derived either from somatic cells or from the fusion of two genetically different haploid nuclei account for more than 90% of the total of calli produced. Somatic calli are derived from the stubs of connective tissue present in the interlocular septa of anthers. This growth is markedly increased in the ms10 35 mutants, which explains their higher callogenic rates than standard tomato lines. Together, our results reveal serious drawbacks that explain the low efficiency of anther-derived, doubled haploid production in tomato, and stress the need for alternatives towards doubled haploidy.

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Induced androgenesis in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region

Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region

Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops

Genetic, quantitative and microscopic evidence for fusion of haploid nuclei and growth of somatic calli in cultured ms10 35 tomato anthers

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