Indoor Visible Light Communication: A Tutorial and Survey

Abstract

With the advancement of solid-state devices for lighting, illumination is on the verge of being completely restructured. This revolution comes with numerous advantages and viable opportunities that can transform the world of wireless communications for the better. Solid-state LEDs are rapidly replacing the contemporary incandescent and fluorescent lamps. In addition to their high energy efficiency, LEDs are desirable for their low heat generation, long lifespan, and their capability to switch on and off at an extremely high rate. The ability of switching between different levels of luminous intensity at such a rate has enabled the inception of a new communication technology referred to as visible light communication (VLC). With this technology, the LED lamps are additionally being used for data transmission. This paper provides a tutorial and a survey of VLC in terms of the design, development, and evaluation techniques as well as current challenges and their envisioned solutions. The focus of this paper is mainly directed towards an indoor setup. An overview of VLC, theory of illumination, system receivers, system architecture, and ongoing developments are provided. We further provide some baseline simulation results to give a technical background on the performance of VLC systems. Moreover, we provide the potential of incorporating VLC techniques in the current and upcoming technologies such as fifth-generation (5G), beyond fifth-generation (B5G) wireless communication trends including sixth-generation (6G), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) among others.

Design and Analysis of Light Fidelity Network for Indoor Wireless Connectivity

“…A det is the area of detector, T s is the transmission gain of filter, g is the lens gain, ψ c is a FOV of the receiver and ψ is the incident angle with respect to receiver axis, the lens gain is calculated by the following formula in which n is the refractive index of the concentrator [28];…”

Back Interface Passivation for Efficient Low-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells and Photodetectors

“…Visible light communication is safe and compatible to daily light illumination without additional electromagnetic radiation. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) with white color are commonly used as the light source and transmitter due to their low power consumption, high luminous power, and low-cost benefits [37][38][39]. The detector at the receiving of visible light communication generally requires an additional power supply, which complicates the visible light communication system, but self-powered PPDs do not have this problem and can work without a power supply.…”

A Survey of NOMA for VLC Systems: Research Challenges and Future Trends

“…The major limitation to developing VLC systems with high achievable data rates is the narrow modulation bandwidths of LEDs (few MHz), which is technically a hardware issue. The commonly white-light LEDs used for VLC are blue LED with yellow phosphorus and RGB LED with modulation bandwidth (2–5 MHz) and (10–20 MHz), respectively [ 22 ]. The blue LED-based device, in contrast to RGB LED, can be easily used to achieve better cost effective and energy efficiency; therefore, it becomes more popular in illumination systems [ 23 ].…”